The Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Complex Treatment of Kidney Tuberculosis (Experimental Study).

In recent years, the application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been recognized as a promising method for treatment of different diseases associated with inflammation and sclerosis, which include nephrotuberculosis. The aim of our study is to investigate the effectiveness of MSCs in the complex therapy of experimental rabbit kidney tuberculosis and to evaluate the effect of cell therapy on the reparative processes. Methods: To simulate kidney tuberculosis, a suspension of the standard strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (106 CFU) was used, which was injected into the cortical layer of the lower pole parenchyma of the left kidney under ultrasound control in rabbits. Anti-tuberculosis therapy (aTBT) was started on the 18th day after infection. MSCs (5 × 107 cells) were transplanted intravenously after the start of aTBT. Results: 2.5 months after infection, all animals showed renal failure. Conducted aTBT significantly reduced the level of albumin, ceruloplasmin, elastase and the severity of disorders in the proteinase/inhibitor system and increased the productive nature of inflammation. A month after MSC transplantation, the level of inflammatory reaction activity proteins decreased, the area of specific and destructive inflammation in kidneys decreased and the formation of mature connective tissue was noted, which indicates the reparative reaction activation.

Influence of constant lightning on liver health: an experimental study.

Light pollution has become a serious problem in many urbanized areas of the world. The impact of prolonged exposure to light and consequent disruption of natural circadian rhythms has significant health implications. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of prolonged exposure to light, simulating urban light pollution, on liver health. In order to evaluate the effect of prolonged exposure to light, we examined the morphofunctional state, immunohistochemical and micromorphometric parameters of rat liver in normal conditions and following prolonged lighting exposure. Our results show that nocturnal light disruption triggers a cell death in the liver within 3 weeks (necrosis and apoptosis of hepatocytes) and stimulates a change in normal cellular karyometric parameters. At the same time, intracellular regeneration takes place within the organ, which manifests through hepatocyte hypertrophy. Under the influence of constant illumination, the circadian rhythms (CRs) of the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei are restructured, and the rhythm of the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio is destroyed. The destruction of the CR of expression of p53 and Ki-67 also occurs against the background of the rearrangement of the daily rhythmicity of Per2 and Bmal1. The revealed changes in the morphofunctional state of the liver under the influence of light pollution indicate that a violation of normal illumination regimes is a potent factor leading to significant structural changes in the liver.

Morphofunctional State and Circadian Rhythms of the Liver under the Influence of Chronic Alcohol Intoxication and Constant Lighting.

A study of the influence of chronic alcohol intoxication, constant illumination and their combined effects on the morphofunctional state of the rat liver and the circadian rhythms (CR) of the studied parameters of the organism was carried out. It was found that both alcohol and constant illumination caused significant changes in the structure of the liver, as well as in the circadian rhythmicity of micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, ALT, and total and direct bilirubin rhythms; however, the combined effects of ethanol and constant illumination had the most significant effect on the studied parameters of the organism. These two factors caused disturbances in the circadian rhythms of the micromorphometric parameters of hepatocytes, disruption of the circadian rhythms of total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, and direct and total bilirubin, as well as disturbances in the expression and rhythmicity of the studied clock genes against a background of the development of an inflammatory process in the liver.

Using the Method of "Optical Biopsy" of Prostatic Tissue to Diagnose Prostate Cancer.

The possibilities of using optical spectroscopy methods in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer were investigated. Analytical discrimination models of Raman spectra of prostate tissue were constructed by using the projections onto latent structures data analysis(PLS-DA) method for different wavelengths of exciting radiation-532 and 785 nm. These models allowed us to divide the Raman spectra of prostate cancer and the spectra of hyperplasia sites for validation datasets with the accuracy of 70-80%, depending on the specificity value. Meanwhile, for the calibration datasets, the accuracy values reached 100% for the excitation of a laser with a wavelength of 785 nm. Due to the registration of Raman "fingerprints", the main features of cellular metabolism occurring in the tissue of a malignant prostate tumor were confirmed, namely the absence of aerobic glycolysis, over-expression of markers (FASN, SREBP1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase, etc.), and a strong increase in the concentration of cholesterol and its esters, as well as fatty acids and glutamic acid. The presence of an ensemble of Raman peaks with increased intensity, inherent in fatty acid, beta-glucose, glutamic acid, and cholesterol, is a fundamental factor for the identification of prostate cancer.