ABSTRACT
Seasonal influenza remains a serious global health problem, leading to high mortality rates among the elderly and individuals with comorbidities. Vaccination is generally accepted as the most effective strategy for influenza prevention. While current influenza vaccines are effective, they still have limitations, including narrow specificity for certain serological variants, which may result in a mismatch between vaccine antigens and circulating strains. Additionally, the rapid variability of the virus poses challenges in providing extended protection beyond a single season. Therefore, mRNA technology is particularly promising for influenza prevention, as it enables the rapid development of multivalent vaccines and allows for quick updates of their antigenic composition. mRNA vaccines have already proven successful in preventing COVID-19 by eliciting rapid cellular and humoral immune responses. In this study, we present the development of a trivalent mRNA vaccine candidate, evaluate its immunogenicity using the hemagglutination inhibition assay, ELISA, and assess its efficacy in animals. We demonstrate the higher immunogenicity of the mRNA vaccine candidate compared to the inactivated split influenza vaccine and its enhanced ability to generate a cross-specific humoral immune response. These findings highlight the potential mRNA technology in overcoming current limitations of influenza vaccines and hold promise for ensuring greater efficacy in preventing seasonal influenza outbreaks.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral , Cross Reactions , Immunity, Humoral , Influenza Vaccines , mRNA Vaccines , Influenza Vaccines/immunology , Animals , mRNA Vaccines/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Humans , Cross Reactions/immunology , Mice , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/immunology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/immunology , Orthomyxoviridae Infections/prevention & control , Female , Seasons , Immunogenicity, Vaccine , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/immunology , VaccinationABSTRACT
A series of (R)- and (S)-isomers of new adamantane-substituted heterocycles (1,3-oxazinan-2-one, piperidine-2,4-dione, piperidine-2-one and piperidine) with potent activity against rimantadine-resistant strains of influenza A virus were synthesized through the transformation of adamantyl-substituted N-Boc-homoallylamines 8 into piperidine-2,4-diones 11 through the cyclic bromourethanes 9 and key intermediate enol esters 10. Biological assays of the prepared compounds were performed on the rimantadine-resistant S31N mutated strains of influenza A - A/California/7/2009(H1N1)pdm09 and modern pandemic strain A/IIV-Orenburg/29-L/2016(H1N1)pdm09. The most potent compounds were both enantiomers of the enol ester 10 displaying IC50 = 7.7 µM with the 2016 Orenburg strain.
