Subject(s)
Diptera , Flight, Animal , Insect Control , Animals , Insect Control/methods , Periodicity , Reproducibility of Results , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A method is described to partition measured values of steady-state ventilatory response into an estimation of the blood flow in the respiratory controller and the sensitivity of the controller to CO2 assuming proportional control. The analysis is derived from the describing equations of a computer model and leads to the definition of a grid of lines emanating from a hypothetical reference point at negative ventilation and zero central nervous system metabolism. Data from the literature reporting differences in CO2 response among normal subjects and changes in resting ventilation and cerebral blood flow with age are reinterpreted from this perspective. Use of a structural model to interpret physiological data is shown to give a different meaning to data reduction in contrast to interpretation using statistical models like regression.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology , Models, Biological , Respiration/drug effects , Adult , Aged , Aging , Central Nervous System/physiology , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Homeostasis , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The role of floral scents in host location by flower-dwelling thrips is investigated by experiment in the field. The scent of anisaldehyde significantly increased the catches of seven species of flower-dwelling thripid, but had no significant effect on three species of cereal thripid and one species of flower-dwelling aeolothripid. The catches of white (without UV) traps were increased by a factor of 3.3 to 8.3 in the presence of the scent.
Subject(s)
Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Child , Education, Special , Humans , Learning Disabilities/therapyABSTRACT
This paper describes the circumstances leading to the development of the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities (ITPA) and discusses the malpractices in administration, scoring, and interpretation of the test. Certain relevant research endeavors are summarized and evaluated. These include (1) equivalence of the experimental and research editions, (2) outcomes and pitfalls of factor analysis, (3) the relationship of ITPA scores tothose of the WISC and Stanford-Binet, (4) ethnic differences shown on the ITPA, (5) differences among groups of atypical children, and (6) ITPA correlates of reading disabilities. A critique is presented regarding the misuse of the ITPA with subjects beyond the range of the norms and possible uses of the test in areas for which it was not originally intended. Emphasis is placed on the major use of the test as being a clinical indicator in determining differential abilities and disabilities (intraindividual differences) among cognitive, perceptual, and memory functions in young children.
