ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of a single electrode and grounding pad approach for delivering high frequency irreversible electroporation treatments (H-FIRE) in in-vivo hepatic tissue. METHODS: Ablations were created in porcine liver under surgical anesthesia by adminstereing high frequency bursts of 0.5-5.0 µs pulses with amplitudes between 1.1-1.7 kV in the absence of cardiac synchronization or intraoperative paralytics. Finite element simulations were used to determine the electric field strength associated with the ablation margins (ELethal) and predict the ablations feasible with next generation electronics. RESULTS: All animals survived the procedures for the protocol duration without adverse events. ELethal of 2550, 1650, and 875 V/cm were found for treatments consisting of 100x bursts containing 0.5 µs pulses and 25, 50, and 75 µs of energized-time per burst, respectively. Treatments with 1 µs pulses consisting of 100 bursts with 100 µs energized-time per burst resulted in ELethal of 650 V/cm. CONCLUSION: A single electrode and grounding pad approach was successfully used to create ablations in hepatic tissue. This technique has the potential to reduce challenges associated with placing multiple electrodes in anatomically challenging environments. SIGNIFICANCE: H-FIRE is an in situ tumor ablation approach in which electrodes are placed within or around a targeted region to deliver high voltage electrical pulses. Electric fields generated around the electrodes induce irrecoverable cell membrane damage leading to predictable cell death in the relative absence of thermal damage. The sparing of architectural integrity means H-FIRE offers potential advantages compared to thermal ablation modalities for ablating tumors near critical structures.
