ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the major causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to investigate the burden and predictors of HTN in India. METHODS: 6120 subjects participated in the Screening and Early Evaluation of Kidney disease (SEEK), a community-based screening program in 53 camps in 13 representative geographic locations in India. Of these, 5929 had recorded blood pressure (BP) measurements. Potential predictors of HTN were collected using a structured questionnaire for SEEK study. RESULTS: HTN was observed in 43.5% of our cohort. After adjusting for center variation (p < 0.0001), predictors of a higher prevalence of HTN were older age ≥ 40 years (p < 0.0001), BMI of ≥ 23 Kg/M2 (p < 0.0004), larger waist circumference (p < 0.0001), working in sedentary occupation (p < 0.0001), having diabetes mellitus (p < 0.0001), having proteinuria (p < 0.0016), and increased serum creatinine (p < 0.0001). High school/some college education (p = 0.0016), versus less than 9th grade education, was related with lower prevalence of HTN. Of note, proteinuria and CKD were observed in 19% and 23.5% of HTN subjects. About half (54%) of the hypertensive subjects were aware of their hypertension status. CONCLUSIONS: HTN was common in this cohort from India. Older age, BMI ≥ 23 Kg/M2, waist circumference, sedentary occupation, education less, diabetes mellitus, presence of proteinuria, and raised serum creatinine were significant predictors of hypertension. Our data suggest that HTN is a major public health problem in India with low awareness, and requires aggressive community-based screening and education to improve health.
Subject(s)
Cost of Illness , Hypertension, Renal/diagnosis , Hypertension, Renal/mortality , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Kidney Diseases/mortality , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Early Diagnosis , Female , Humans , India/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Prognosis , Risk Assessment , Survival RateSubject(s)
Kidney Transplantation , Pancreatic Diseases/complications , Pancreatitis/diagnosis , Tuberculosis/complications , Acute Disease , Adult , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Humans , Male , Pancreatic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatic Diseases/drug therapy , Pancreatitis/diagnostic imaging , Pancreatitis/etiology , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Tuberculosis/diagnostic imaging , Tuberculosis/drug therapySubject(s)
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous/pathology , Kidney Glomerulus/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Adolescent , Basement Membrane/ultrastructure , Biopsy , Cell Division , Diagnosis, Differential , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Glomerulonephritis/pathology , Humans , Male , Vacuoles/ultrastructureABSTRACT
Forty six percutaneous renal biopsies (thirty one native and fifteen transplant kidneys) were performed using the Monopty needle, compared with equal number of biopsies performed using the Travenol Tru-cut needle. The core length of samples obtained ranged from 3-16 mm using Monopty and 5-13 mm using Tru-cut. Adequate tissue was obtained in 65.5% and 80.4% of cases with the use of Monopty and Tru-cut respectively. Both the needles gave equal number of reuses. The use of Tru-cut needle was associated with serious complications like gross haematuria requiring blood transfusions and perinephric haematoma in ten cases whereas only two cases developed haematuria when the Monopty needle was used. In view of its greater safety we have switched over to using the Monopty needle for percutaneous renal bipsies.