[The significance of educational biography for the professional self-image of GDR psychotherapists]. / Die Bedeutung der Bildungsbiografie für das professionelle Selbstverständnis von DDR-Psychotherapeut:innen.

OBJECTIVE: Since the reunification of Germany, a debate on the professional activities of GDR psychotherapists has rised up. This debate is partly conducted by the spirit of coming to terms with the past and partly by legitimizing therapeutic activities in the GDR. The aim of this work is to show in individual patterns the professional self-image of selected GDR psychotherapists. The study focused from a sociological perspective with the intention of differentiating this topic. In course of this, the range of political positioning of GDR psychotherapists will also be determined on a case-by-case basis and it will be shown how this was shaped in the often named "niche of psychotherapy". METHODS: Based on-biographical interviews, educational biographical trajectories of GDR psychotherapists were reconstructed. The interviews were analyzed using grounded theory in a circular process of material selection and theory development. According to the principle of maximum contrast (theoretical sampling), four women were selected for reconstruction from a sample of 39 interviews from the joint project Seelenarbeit im Sozialismus (Soul Work in Socialism) and analyzed using Teifel's (2005) coding guide based on educational theory. RESULTS: Within the four cases, extremely individual educational biographies emerge on the levels of the coding strategy (meaning/structure perspective and mode of action), each showing different characteristics with regard to their ability to adopt a reflexive stance and the adoption of professional agency. The cases also show different characteristics with regard to their different positions on the system of GDR. DISCUSSION: The results of the case reconstructions can be summarized in an overarching scheme. This shows that the role of each individual's educational access, their educational paths and their individual practice of action must be seen in relation to the influence of the political system and the ability to adopt a professional attitude. The psychotherapists of the GDR cannot be understood per se as a group acting subversively against the state.

[Relationship Between Social Integration, Global Self-Esteem, and Physical and Mental Health in a Representative German Sample]. / Zusammenhang von sozialer Teilhabe, globalem Selbstwert sowie physischer und psychischer Gesundheit in einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe.

INTRODUCTION: Beyond participation as a civil right, social participation has already been considered from legal, ethical, socio-psychological and political perspectives as an important component of the self- and external evaluation of a person as a valuable member of a society. Thus, social psychological studies frequently showed the importance of the sense of belonging as a central psychological component of social participation for both personal and social self-esteem. From a medical-psychological perspective, the association of global self-esteem and self-efficacy with health is well established. However, it is an open question whether social participation is directly related to psychological and physical well-being or whether this relationship is mediated via global self-esteem. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Based on a nationwide representative survey in Germany (N=2.531; age 14-93, M=48.58; 55.4% women), the variables social participation (KsT-5), global self-esteem (SISE), and physical and mental health (EQ5D) were measured using standardized questionnaires to examine a potential mediation. RESULTS: As expected, significant positive correlations between social participation, global self-esteem and physical and mental health were found with medium ranged effect sizes. However, global self-esteem only partially mediated the association between social participation and health, i. e. a direct significant association between social participation and health could be proven. DISCUSSION: The results underline the direct relevance of social participation for physical and mental health. This opens a hitherto hardly used perspective for health promotion in interaction with socio-political challenges in the topics of integration, inclusion and the sense of belonging.

[Biographical Interviews with GDR Psychotherapists - First Hypotheses on their Social Positioning and Professional Action]. / Lebensgeschichtliche Interviews mit DDR-PsychotherapeutInnen.

OBJEKTIVE: First results of a socio-historical analysis of the life stories of GDR psychotherapists are presented. Interviews, carried out as part of the project Seelenarbeit im Sozialismus, are intended to enable statements about social and family backgrounds, educational paths and social position. An exemplary case is presented in order to develop hypotheses for the design of professional behavior by GDR psychotherapists. METHODS: Narrative/biographical interviews are processed as a source for historical and sociological research strategies. For a descriptive presentation of the topics described in the interviews, a cross-case category system was created inductively, which should enable statements about the frequency of certain characteristics. The individual case is analyzed by using the grounded theory method. RESULTS: A first overview of the sample relates to the demographic characteristics of the interviewed persons, their level of awareness and professional qualifications. The interviewed psychotherapists can be assigned to different decades of the historical development of GDR psychotherapy with regard to their years of birth. They are further determined with regard to their social origin (parenting professions), their professional career (distribution of qualification paths), their party membership (SED or block party) and experience disadvantages by the state. In the case study, the dependence of the professional attitude on socializing influences is illustrated. DISCUSSION: Ultimately, the study can show a heterogeneous group of psychotherapists from the GDR, whose biographies can be used to trace the historical development of psychotherapy in the GDR. A look at the actors' families shows that the profession from fathers were often located in the field of self-employed entrepreneurs or academics. In addition, only a few psychotherapists were members of the SED, but frequent disadvantages by the state are named. As a conclusion there is an advice of a high importance of personal reflexivity and a reflective professional self-image.Conclusions Further evaluations should prove the social and political positioning as well as the professional self-image of GDR psychotherapists.

[Psychotherapeutic Literature of the GDR and FRG: A Comparative Citation Analysis]. / Psychotherapeutische Fachliteratur der DDR und BRD: Eine vergleichende Zitationsanalyse.

ZIEL: Erste Hypothesen zur wissenschaftlichen Rezeption von psychotherapeutischer Literatur aus der DDR und der Sowjetunion in einem Psychotherapieliteratur-Korpus der BRD (Praxis der Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik 1979-1990) sollten geprüft werden. Außerdem sollten inhaltliche Schwerpunkte der identifizierten wissenschaftlichen Communities verglichen werden. METHODIK: Es wurde eine bibliometrische und netzwerkanalytische Untersuchung von Zitationsbeziehungen sowie eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der Rezeption von DDR-Literatur und der thematischen Schwerpunkte der identifizierten wissenschaftlichen Communities in Literaturkorpora aus Ost und West durchgeführt. ERGEBNISSE: Psychotherapeutische Literatur der DDR wird im untersuchten BRD-Korpus kaum zitiert. Inhaltlich wird diese Literatur nicht tiefergehend in die wissenschaftliche Argumentation des BRD-Korpus eingebunden. Die bekanntesten Vertreter*innen der DDR-Psychotherapie(-forschung) werden im BRD-Korpus gar nicht zitiert. Es lassen sich thematische Überschneidungen in beiden Korpora identifizieren, allerdings spielen DDR-spezifische Themen inhaltlich keine Rolle im BRD-Korpus. OBJECTIVE: The aim this study was to test first hypotheses on the scientific reception of literature on psychotherapy from the GDR and the Soviet Union in a corpus of psychotherapy literature from the FRG and to compare content-related foci of the identified scientific communities. METHODS: A bibliometric and network analysis of citation relations as well as a qualitative content analysis of the reception of GDR literature and the thematic foci of the identified scientific communities in both literature corpora were conducted. RESULTS: Psychotherapeutic literature of the GDR was barely cited in the examined FRG corpus. In terms of content, this literature was not integrated more deeply into the scientific argumentation of the FRG corpus. The best-known representatives of GDR psychotherapy (research) were not at all cited in the FRG corpus. Thematic overlaps could be identified in both corpora, but GDR-specific topics did not play a role in the FRG corpus. CONCLUSION: For the examined literature corpora it can be seen that publications from the GDR and Soviet Union are cited considerably less often in FRG literature than publications from the West in GDR literature. Thematically, original GDR psychotherapy content does not play a role in FRG literature either.

[Short Scale Measuring Perceived Social Participation: Factorial Structure, Internal Consistency, Content Validity, Convergent Validity and Standard Values in a Representative German Sample]. / Kurz-Skala zur Erfassung wahrgenommener sozialer Teilhabe (KsT-5): faktorielle Struktur, interne Konsistenz, inhaltliche und konvergente Validität sowie Normwerte in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe.

Social participation is politically as well as socially and psychologically relevant for the coexistence of people in our society and the well-being of the individual. In light of the German Federal Participation Act and the partial equalization of the terms "(Social) Participation" and "Inclusion", social participation in recent years has frequently been restricted to people with disabilities with regard to the "International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF)" of the World Health Organization and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The question of participation, however, affects all people and is not only dependent on the degree of functional capacity or disability, but also on social inclusion, financial possibilities, regional affiliation, education, self-esteem and is correlated with health. In the present study, a new short scale of 5 items (KsT-5) for measuring the aspects "belonging", "self-efficacy", "need for recognition", "self-esteem" and "integration in the social environment" was tested on a German representative general population sample (N=2531) with regard to their psychometric quality criteria. It showed a good fit with a one-factor solution, a satisfactory internal consistency of Cronbach's α=0,73 and McDonald's ω=0,73 as well as good convergent validity over positive correlations with self-esteem and psychological as well as physical health. This study provides norm values of the new KsT-5 stratified according to gender and age as a prerequisite for use in future studies.