ABSTRACT
Commercial hexane is a solvent mixture of six-carbon isomers, consisting principally of n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, methylcyclopentane and 2-methylpentane. The potential of commercial hexane to produce chromosome aberrations was evaluated in both an in vitro assay using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and an in vivo cytogenetics assay using Sprague-Dawley rats. The CHO cells were exposed to media containing commercial hexane at concentrations of 0.014-0.42 microliters ml-1 in the presence and absence of an S-9 activation mixture. Cellular toxicity was observed at the higher dose levels, but no increase in chromosome aberrations was observed in either the non-activated or S-9-activated systems. For the in vivo cytogenetics assay, rats were exposed nose-only for 6 h per day for 5 consecutive days to commercial hexane vapor at target concentrations of 900, 3000 and 9000 ppm. Bone marrow cells were collected at 6 and 24 h after the midpoint of the last exposure. Metaphase cells were examined microscopically for chromosome aberrations. No statistically significant increases in aberrant cells were observed in the commercial hexane-exposed animals of any dose group at either of the bone marrow harvest times. In conclusion, commercial hexane did not produce chromosomal mutations under the conditions of these studies.
Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Hexanes/toxicity , Solvents/toxicity , Animals , Bone Marrow/drug effects , CHO Cells , Cell Cycle/drug effects , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Female , Male , Rats , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
n-Butyl mercaptan (n-BM) is used as a solvent and a chemical intermediate. Pregnant Charles River CD-1 mice and COBS CD rats were randomly assigned to a control group and to three n-BM-exposed groups of 25 rats and 25 mice each. The animals were exposed by whole-body inhalation to mean n-BM concentrations of 10, 68, or 152 ppm on a 6-hr daily exposure schedule. Rats were exposed on Gestation Days 6-19 and mice on Gestation Days 6-16. The control group was exposed to filtered air only on a comparable regimen. Cesarean sections were performed on all surviving mice on Gestation Day 17 and on all rats on Gestation Day 20. Seventeen of the n-BM-treated mice died: 8 at the 68-ppm level and 9 at the 152-ppm level; none of the n-BM-treated rats died. An increased postimplantation loss and increased early resorption occurred in mice exposed at 68 and 152 ppm, indicating embryotoxicity. An increased incidence of cleft palate was observed in mice exposed to 10 or 68 ppm which was not statistically significant. Total fetal abnormalities were statistically significantly different from controls at 68 ppm where maternal lethality was observed when based on the fetal unit although not when based on the litter unit. Rats exposed to 152 ppm or less demonstrated no terata.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/pathology , Sulfhydryl Compounds/toxicity , Teratogens , Administration, Inhalation , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Female , Mice , Pregnancy , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Species Specificity , Sulfhydryl Compounds/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Polyphenylene sulfide was offered to Charles River CD rats for 6 months in the diet at concentrations of 0.00, 0.50, 2.75 and 5.00% (w/w). In this study, animals of both sexes consumed polyphenylene sulfide for 6 months without exhibiting compound-related effects. Parameters studied were: body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology.
Subject(s)
Polymers/toxicity , Animals , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Body Weight/drug effects , Diet , Eating/drug effects , Enzymes/blood , Female , Male , Particle Size , Rats , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Commercially produced oil furnace carbon black (Chemical Abstract Service Registry No. 1333-86-4) has been evaluated by five different assay for genetic activity. These were the Ames Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test, sister chromatid exchange test in CHO cells, mouse lymphoma test, cell transformation assay in C3H/10T1/2 cells, and assay for genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. Limited cellular toxicity was exhibited but no significant genetic activity was noted.
