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2.
BMC Gastroenterol ; 22(1): 390, 2022 Aug 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35982420

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Multi-matrix mesalazine (MMX) is an important treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC); however, it is often excreted intact, which increases the risk of relapse. This study aimed to clarify the risk factors for insoluble MMX excretion. METHODS: The subjects were 102 UC patients who were newly prescribed MMX alone to induce remission. Their stools were evaluated on the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), the presence/absence of insoluble MMX excretion was investigated in interviews, and defecation frequency at the start of treatment and disease type were retrospectively investigated by examining their medical records. RESULTS: The insoluble excretion rate (IER) was 14.7%. It tended to be higher in the patients with left-sided colitis or extensive colitis, although the differences among the disease types were not significant (p = 0.053). The mean defecation frequency of the patients that reported insoluble MMX excretion was significantly higher than that of the patients that did not report it (6.27 ± 5.28 vs. 3.69 ± 3.17, p < 0.05). The IER tended to be higher among the patients with soft stools (4.5%, 21.9%, and 23.1% in those with BSFS scores of ≤ 4, 5, and ≥ 6, respectively). In ROC analysis of defecation frequency, ≥ 3.5 defecations was found to exhibit sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 65.5%, respectively, for predicting insoluble MMX excretion. CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of insoluble MMX excretion is influenced by defecation frequency and the extent of inflammation. It is important to keep the possibility of insoluble excretion in mind when prescribing MMX.


Subject(s)
Colitis, Ulcerative , Mesalamine , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use , Colitis, Ulcerative/chemically induced , Colitis, Ulcerative/drug therapy , Humans , Mesalamine/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
BMC Cancer ; 21(1): 1197, 2021 Nov 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34758773

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Both activated tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune-suppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the tumor microenvironment (TME) play an important role in the prognosis of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). METHODS: The densities of TILs, programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) + T cells, and forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) + T cells were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The associations of the immunological status of the PDAC microenvironment with overall survival (OS) time and disease-free survival (DFS) time were evaluated. RESULTS: PDAC patients with a high density of TILs in the TME or PD-1-positive T cells in tertiary lymphoid aggregates (TLAs) demonstrated a significantly better prognosis than those with a low density of TILs or PD-1-negativity, respectively. Moreover, PDAC patients with high levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells showed a worse prognosis than those with low levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells. Importantly, even with a high density of the TILs in TME or PD-1-positive T cells in TLAs, PDAC patients with high levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells showed a worse prognosis than patients with low levels of Foxp3-expressing T cells. A PDAC TME with a high density of TILs/high PD-1 positivity/low Foxp3 expression was an independent predictive marker associated with superior prognosis. CONCLUSION: Combined assessment of TILs, PD-1+ cells, and Foxp3+ T cells in the TME may predict the prognosis of PDAC patients following surgical resection.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/mortality , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/immunology , Tumor Microenvironment/immunology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/immunology , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology , Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/surgery , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Humans , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Pancreas/immunology , Pancreas/pathology , Pancreas/surgery , Pancreatectomy , Pancreatic Neoplasms/mortality , Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology , Pancreatic Neoplasms/surgery , Prognosis , Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism , Retrospective Studies
4.
J Med Case Rep ; 14(1): 213, 2020 Nov 07.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33158457

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Pericardial effusion is a rare complication of pancreatic cancer. We report a case of cardiac tamponade secondary to pancreatic cancer. CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having pancreatic cancer during surgery and received chemotherapy for 28 months after the diagnosis. He was admitted to the emergency room with severe dyspnea. Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion with severe hypofunction. Emergency pericardial drainage was performed to maintain hemodynamics, which resulted in the elimination of 450 mL of blood and the maintenance of circulatory dynamics. Cytological examination of the pericardial fluid revealed atypical cells and tumor cells suggesting adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, pancreatic cancer complicated with cancerous pericarditis has not been previously documented. This case highlights the extreme severity of pericardial effusion, a sign of progressive disease, secondary to pancreatic cancer. In the case of neoplastic pericardial effusion, an extremely poor prognosis must be considered.


Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma , Cardiac Tamponade , Pancreatic Neoplasms , Pericardial Effusion , Pericarditis , Adenocarcinoma/complications , Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis , Aged , Cardiac Tamponade/diagnostic imaging , Cardiac Tamponade/etiology , Humans , Male , Pancreatic Neoplasms/complications , Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis , Pericardial Effusion/diagnostic imaging , Pericardial Effusion/etiology , Pericarditis/diagnosis , Pericarditis/diagnostic imaging
5.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 530(3): 533-540, 2020 09 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32739024

ABSTRACT

Multidrug-resistant bacteria are a growing issue worldwide. This study developed a convenient and effective method to downregulate the expression of a specific gene to produce a novel antimicrobial tool using a small (140 nucleotide) RNA with a 24-nucleotide antisense (as) region from an arabinose-inducible expression phagemid vector in Escherichia coli. Knockdown effects of rpoS encoding RNA polymerase sigma factor were observed using this inducible artificial asRNA approach. asRNAs targeting several essential E. coli genes produced significant growth defects, especially when targeted to acpP and ribosomal protein coding genes rplN, rplL, and rpsM. Growth inhibited phenotypes were facilitated in hfq- conditions. Phage lysates were prepared from cells harboring phagemids as a lethal-agent delivery tool. Targeting the rpsM gene by phagemid-derived M13 phage infection of E. coli containing a carbapenem-producing F-plasmid and multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae containing an F-plasmid resulted in the death of over 99.99% of infected bacteria. This study provides a possible strategy for treating bacterial infection and can be applied to any F-pilus producing bacterial species.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Bacteriophage M13/genetics , Escherichia coli/drug effects , F Factor/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , RNA, Antisense/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Drug Delivery Systems , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Escherichia coli/growth & development , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/drug effects , Gene Knockdown Techniques , Genetic Engineering/methods , Humans , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genetics , Klebsiella pneumoniae/growth & development , Pili, Sex/genetics , RNA, Antisense/genetics , RNA, Antisense/pharmacology , Ribosomal Proteins/genetics , Sigma Factor/genetics
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