Development of osteoarthritis in patients with degenerative meniscal tears treated with exercise therapy or surgery: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate progression of individual radiographic features 5 years following exercise therapy or arthroscopic partial meniscectomy as treatment for degenerative meniscal tear. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial including 140 adults, aged 35-60 years, with a magnetic resonance image verified degenerative meniscal tear, and 96% without definite radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Participants were randomized to either 12-weeks of supervised exercise therapy or arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The primary outcome was between-group difference in progression of tibiofemoral joint space narrowing and marginal osteophytes at 5 years, assessed semi-quantitatively by the OARSI atlas. Secondary outcomes included incidence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, medial tibiofemoral fixed joint space width (quantitatively assessed), and patient-reported outcome measures. Statistical analyses were performed using a full analysis set. Per protocol and as treated analysis were also performed. RESULTS: The risk ratios (95% CI) for progression of semi-quantitatively assessed joint space narrowing and medial and lateral osteophytes for the surgery group were 0.89 (0.55-1.44), 1.15 (0.79-1.68) and 0.77 (0.42-1.42), respectively, compared to the exercise therapy group. In secondary outcomes (full-set analysis) no statistically significant between-group differences were found. CONCLUSION: The study was inconclusive with respect to potential differences in progression of individual radiographic features after surgical and non-surgical treatment for degenerative meniscal tear. Further, we found no strong evidence in support of differences in development of incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis or patient-reported outcomes between exercise therapy and arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01002794).

Enhanced angiogenesis and increased bone turnover characterize bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb.

OBJECTIVES: Little is known about tissue changes underlying bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in non-weight-bearing joints with osteoarthritis (OA). Our aim was to characterize BMLs in OA of the hand using dynamic histomorphometry. We therefore quantified bone turnover and angiogenesis in subchondral bone at the base of the thumb, and compared the findings with control bone from hip OA. METHODS: Patients with OA at the base of the thumb, or the hip, underwent preoperative MRI to assess BMLs, and tetracycline labelling to determine bone turnover. Three groups were compared: trapezium bones removed by trapeziectomy from patients with thumb base OA (n = 20); femoral heads with (n = 24); and those without (n = 9) BMLs obtained from patients with hip OA who underwent total hip arthroplasty. RESULTS: All trapezium bones demonstrated MRI-defined BMLs. Compared with femoral heads without BMLs, the trapezia demonstrated significantly higher bone turnover (mean sd 0.2 (0.1) versus 0.01 (0.01) µm3/µm2/day), mineralizing surface (18.5% (13.1) versus 1.4% (1.3)) and vascularity (5.2% (1.1) versus 1.2% (0.6)). Femoral heads with BMLs exhibited higher bone turnover (0.3 (0.2) versus 0.2 (0.1) µm3/µm2/day), a higher mineralization rate (26.6% (10.6) versus 18.6% (11.9)) and greater trabecular thickness (301.3 µm (108) versus 163.6 µm (24.8)) than the trapezia. CONCLUSION: Bone turnover and angiogenesis were enhanced in BMLs of both the thumb base and hip OA, of which the latter exhibited the highest bone turnover. Thus, the increase in bone turnover in weight-bearing joints like the hip may be more pronounced than less mechanically loaded osteoarthritic joints demonstrating BMLs. The histological changes observed may explain the water signal from BMLs on MRI.Cite this article: M. Shabestari, N. J. Kise, M. A. Landin, S. Sesseng, J. C. Hellund, J. E. Reseland, E. F. Eriksen, I. K. Haugen. Enhanced angiogenesis and increased bone turnover characterize bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:406-413. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0083.R3.

[Living and dying alone. An epidemiological study of deaths outside institutions in Oslo in 1989]. / A leve og dø alene. En epidemiologisk undersøkelse av dødsfall utenfor institusjon i Oslo i 1989.

This study is based on data on autopsies performed at the Institute of Forensic Medicine, National Hospital, Oslo, in 1989. Solitary men and women were compared with non-solitary men and women with respect to causes of death and manner of death. Solitary men died more often from potentially curable diseases, especially pneumonia. These individuals had often suffered from chronic alcoholism and had lived in central Oslo. Among women there were no differences in the causes of death of solitary and non-solitary individuals.