ABSTRACT
Acute pain syndromes caused by discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy and lumboischialgia are not uncommon in clinical practice and characterized by a high risk of becoming chronic. The pathogenetic aspects, features of the clinical picture, existing approaches to conservative treatment of these conditions are analyzed in this paper. Data on the efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of diclofenac and orphenadrine (Neodolpasse) use in the treatment of vertebrogenic pain syndromes based on the NEODOLEX study results are presented, and the authors' own clinical observations are given. Possible reasons for the high efficacy of Neodolpasse in patients with discogenic radiculopathies and nonspecific back and neck pain are discussed.
Subject(s)
Acute Pain , Radiculopathy , Humans , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Radiculopathy/complications , Radiculopathy/drug therapy , Orphenadrine/therapeutic use , Acute Pain/drug therapy , Acute Pain/etiology , Back Pain/drug therapyABSTRACT
Nociceptive and mixed pain syndromes (NMPS) whose pathogenesis is linked with the formation of plaques of demyelination in the CNS are commonly present in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). NMPS of diverse locations, mechanisms and clinical features significantly worse patients' disability and impair their social adaptation. At the same time, clinicians do not pay enough attention to these syndromes in routine practice. Early diagnosis of NMPS may be important not only for early and appropriate NMPS' therapy and improvement of patients' quality of life, but, possibly, for the diagnosis of the onset or relapsing phase of MS, in cases when NMPS are the symptoms of MS and are the signs of active demyelinating process. This review addresses contemporary views of the main types of NMPS in MS (headaches, musculoskeletal pains, painful tonic spasms, pain with spasticity). Epidemiologic data, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostic options of NMPS in patients with MS are described along with current views on MS and NMPS comorbidity theories. Existing approaches to treatment of NMPS based on randomized trials data are analyzed.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/epidemiology , Nociception , Pain/diagnosis , Pain/epidemiology , Pain/etiology , Pain Management , Quality of Life , SyndromeABSTRACT
Among the numerous pain syndromes (PS) of various localizations and types, observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), the greatest attention of researchers is attracted by neuropathic PS. Neuropathic PS are often present already in the early stage of MS, significantly reduce the quality of life, hinder the social adaptation of patients, poorly respond to therapy. Central neuropathic PS, which pathogenesis is closely related with plaques in the central nervous system, are most common in patients with MS. Diagnostics of neuropathic PS in MS is based mainly on typical clinical symptoms; MRI and neurophysiological methods data are of secondary importance. This review focuses on modern concepts of three main neuropathic PS in MS: ongoing extremity pain, trigeminal neuralgia and Lhermitte's sign. Clinical symptoms of neuropathic PS, current ideas about their pathogenetic mechanisms, MRI and neurophysiological techniques data and the existing approaches to conservative therapy and surgical treatment based on randomized trials data are presented.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis , Neuralgia , Trigeminal Neuralgia , Humans , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/therapy , Neuralgia/diagnosis , Neuralgia/etiology , Neuralgia/therapy , Quality of Life , SyndromeABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiological indicators of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Yaroslavl when comparing the 1999 and 2019 registers to study the pathomorphism of the disease in this territory. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the work, the data of the 1999 and 2019 registers were used, including the age of the debut, the date of diagnosis, the form of the disease, clinical characteristics, the treatment received and its duration. In 1999, 257 patients living in the city of Yaroslavl (155 women and 102 men) were included in the MS registry with a reliable diagnosis of MS according to Poser's criteria with confirmation according to neuroimaging data. In 2019, 479 people living in the territory of Yaroslavl (342 women and 137 men) were included in the register with a diagnosis of MS based on the criteria of MacDonald 2005, 2010, 2017. As of 01.01.19, 970 patients (530 women and 440 men) were included in the patient register of the Yaroslavl region. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Clinical and epidemiological review of Yaroslavl MS Registry data in 1999 and 2019 showed significant changes in disease pattern. The prevalence rate increased from 42.6 to 78.5 cases per 100,000 people. The morbidity rate rose from 1.58 to 3.28 cases per 100,000 people. The reasons for the increase are improvement in the diagnostic quality, new diagnostic criteria and the true growth of prevalence and morbidity. The use of disease modifying drugs (DMDs) has extended «the time to EDSS 3,0¼ by 4 years, «the time to EDSS 6,0¼ by 5-8 years.
Subject(s)
Multiple Sclerosis , Female , Humans , Male , Neuroimaging , Prevalence , RegistriesABSTRACT
Polarized states of polymer/inorganic inclusion P(VDF-TrFE)-(Pb,Ba)(Zr,Ti)O3 composites are studied at the nanoscale using both piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). It has been shown that inorganic inclusions can be visualized using KPFM due to a discontinuity of the surface potential and polarization at the interface between the inclusions and the polymer matrix. The temperature evolution of the PFM and KPFM signal profiles is investigated. Softening of the polymer matrix on approaching the Curie temperature limits application of the contact PFM method. However non-contact KPFM can be used to probe evolution of the polarization at the phase transition. Mechanisms of the KPFM contrast formation are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is classified into three subtypes: Far Eastern (TBEV-FE), European (TBEV-EU) and Siberian (TBEV-SIB). In Russia, these are also called genotypes 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Geographically, TBEV-EU dominates in Central and Northern Europe, but its representatives are also found to the east - along the southern part of the forest zone of extratropical Eurasia - up to Eastern Siberia and South Korea. However, the strains isolated outside Europe remain poorly investigated. In the proposed study, eight full genomes of the Siberian isolates of TBEV-EU were determined and 13 complete genomes were compared. The analysis of 152 full-genome TBEV sequences showed that the TBEV-EU has a higher degree of stability of the genome-coding region in the entire Eurasian area (3.1% of differences) compared to TBEV-FE (6.6%) and TBEV-SIB (7.8%). At the same time, the maximum differences are observed not between European and Siberian strains, as one could expect, but between the representatives from Europe - TBEV strains Mandl-2009 from Norway and Hypr from the Czech Republic. The studied strains from Siberia form the compact genetic cluster of 42 TBEV-EU strains and are divided into two subclusters - West Siberian and East Siberian variants. These variants differ in the combinations of amino acid substitutions in all proteins except NS2B. The West Siberian variant mostly circulates in the territory of Altai, and the closest relative of its representatives is Absettarov strain from the European part of Russia. The strains similar to the East Siberian variant of the European subtype were recorded in the Altai (strain 84.2, 2007) and in Belarus (N256, about 1940).
ABSTRACT
Large amounts of 10Be are produced at the PSI muon production facility by high-energy proton spallation in polycrystalline graphite. For the extraction of 10Be out of large amounts of carbon, pyrolysis followed by chemical purification has been performed. Approx. 270g of graphite from Target E92, which had received a total proton charge of 29 Ah between 2002 and 2005, have been burned at 1000°C in a stream of oxygen. The volatile radioactive oxidation product 3H2O was trapped in 3 water bubblers connected in series. The remainder, a white hygroscopic solid material mainly consisting of 7Li2O, 9/10BeO and 10/11B2O3, was dissolved in HF and subsequently purified by ion exchange chromatography. Radioactive impurities such as 22Na, 44Ti, 54Mn, 60Co, 101Rh, 133Ba and 172Hf have been separated from the final product. The purified material represents a mixture of approx. 6.5mg 9Be and 3.5mg (3.3MBq) 10Be. It is ready to be used for scientific investigations requiring large amounts of this precious isotope.
ABSTRACT
Thermal imaging and laser Doppler flowmetry were applied to study the effects of infrared (IR) radiation mediated by vascular response in healthy volunteers during regular unilateral arteriovenous occlusion of one of the fingers (4 times a day for 7 months with a gradual increase in exposure from 10 to 30 min). After repeated unilateral exposure, we observed consistent changes in temperature conditions and modes of thermoregulation of corresponding skin areas of both hands. We discovered a high level of positive correlation between the dynamics of IR emission from the experimental and control skin areas in the recovery phase after clamping, which indicates that systemic vascular response is involved. The possible mechanisms of post-occlusive changes in skin of the distal phalanges are discussed. These data suggest that multiple regular unilateral arteriovenous occlusions enhance the intradermal blood flow and can be used for the prevention of disorders of the peripheral microcirculation in various pathological conditions.
Subject(s)
Ischemia/physiopathology , Microcirculation/physiology , Skin/blood supply , Temperature , Wrist/blood supply , Adult , Fingers/blood supply , Fingers/physiopathology , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Laser-Doppler Flowmetry , Male , Skin/physiopathology , Wrist/physiopathologyABSTRACT
A measurement of beam helicity asymmetries in the reaction 3He[over â](e[over â],e'n)pp is performed at the Mainz Microtron in quasielastic kinematics to determine the electric to magnetic form factor ratio of the neutron GEn/GMn at a four-momentum transfer Q2=1.58 GeV2. Longitudinally polarized electrons are scattered on a highly polarized 3He gas target. The scattered electrons are detected with a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, and the ejected neutrons are detected with a dedicated neutron detector composed of scintillator bars. To reduce systematic errors, data are taken for four different target polarization orientations allowing the determination of GEn/GMn from a double ratio. We find µnGEn/GMn=0.250±0.058(stat)±0.017(syst).
ABSTRACT
We demonstrate direct amplitude shaping of high harmonics (HHs) using a reflective micromirror array based on micro-electromechanical-system (MEMS) technology. We show independent control over the intensity of each HH in the observed range (14 - 36 eV). These results are used to calculate the control achieved over the temporal structure of the attosecond pulses in the train.
ABSTRACT
With the aim of assessing parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rhythm turbulence (HRT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in dependence on severity of the course of this disease and presence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) we examined 73 patients (28 with COPD and 45 healthy subjects). Invasive measurement of central hemodynamics was conducted. Compared with the control group in patients with COPD we revealed lowering of temporal as well as frequency HRV parameters. No significant changes of HRV parameters depended on severity of COPD course. However a tendency to maximal lowering of HRV parameters was noted in the group of patients with COPD with first sec forced expiratory volume <50%. Comparison of patients with and without PH with controls revealed tendency to maximal lowering of HRV parameters in the PH group. Thus measurement of HRV can be used for supplementary assessment of severity of the disease and detection of PH.
Subject(s)
Circadian Rhythm , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Aged , Airway Obstruction/diagnosis , Airway Obstruction/physiopathology , Bronchi/physiopathology , Female , Heart Rate , Hemodynamics , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/etiology , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Physiologic/methods , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Respiratory Function Tests , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Ventricular Premature Complexes/complications , Ventricular Premature Complexes/diagnosis , Ventricular Premature Complexes/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The results of health assessment of the population living and working in the protective actions zone by the evidence obtained during general and special meadical examinations are summarized.
Subject(s)
Chemical Warfare Agents/adverse effects , Conservation of Natural Resources/methods , Environmental Exposure/prevention & control , Environmental Illness/prevention & control , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Adult , Chemical Industry/standards , Environmental Illness/etiology , Female , Humans , Industrial Waste/adverse effects , Male , Occupational Diseases/etiology , Occupational Health , Public Health/methods , Public Health/standards , Risk Assessment , Workplace/standardsABSTRACT
We present new measurements of electron scattering from high-momentum nucleons in nuclei. These data allow an improved determination of the strength of two-nucleon correlations for several nuclei, including light nuclei where clustering effects can, for the first time, be examined. The data also include the kinematic region where three-nucleon correlations are expected to dominate.
ABSTRACT
To verify the etiopathogenic structure of erectile dysfunction in alcohol dependence, we have investigated 80 men with erectile dysfunction and alcohol dependence (the main group) and 40 men with erectile dysfunction without alcohol dependence (the control group). Endocrine and vasculogenic forms of erectile dysfunction were more frequent in men with alcohol dependence as compared to men without alcohol dependence, and the presentation of sexual disorder was complicated due to the increase in the number of accompanying syndromes. At the same time, as alcohol dependence progresses, the part of organic forms of erectile dysfunction and the number of syndromes which accompany erectile dysfunction increase.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/complications , Alcoholism/physiopathology , Erectile Dysfunction/diagnosis , Penile Erection , Adult , Erectile Dysfunction/etiology , Erectile Dysfunction/physiopathology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young AdultABSTRACT
The findings of the comparative analysis of patients with alcohol dependence and psychopathology are presented. The main group (active follow-up) comprised 33 patients who had committed socially dangerous actions and the control follow-up group comprised 75 patients. Between-group differences in personality changes, specifics of the alcohol-use component of the comorbid disorder and responsiveness to psychotherapy are shown.
Subject(s)
Alcoholism/psychology , Alcoholism/therapy , Mental Disorders/psychology , Psychotherapy , Adult , Alcoholism/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Outpatients/psychologyABSTRACT
We compared Dopplerographic methods and invasive assessment of mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in 20 men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We demonstrated possibility of evaluation of mean pulmonary artery pressure by Doppler methods of calculation using diastolic gradient of pressure of pulmonary regurgitation and ratio of flow acceleration time in right ventricular outflow tract and ejection time. In patients with COPD overestimation of MPAP is possible especially in patients with pronounced elevation of MPAP. Methods of evaluation of MPAP based on measurements of intervals of pulmonary blood flow do not allow to adequately evaluate MPAP in patients with COPD.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Catheterization , Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed , Hypertension, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Hypertension, Pulmonary/physiopathology , Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology , Pulmonary Heart Disease/diagnosis , Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency/diagnosis , Aged , Blood Pressure , Comparative Effectiveness Research , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Artery/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology , Pulmonary Heart Disease/etiology , Pulmonary Heart Disease/physiopathology , Pulmonary Valve Insufficiency/physiopathology , Respiratory Function TestsABSTRACT
We present novel types of permanently magnetized as well as current powered boxes built from soft-ferromagnetic materials. They provide shielded magnetic fields which are homogeneous within a large fraction of the enclosed volume, thus minimizing size, weight, and costs. For the permanently magnetized solutions, homogenization is achieved either by an optimized distribution of the permanent field sources or by jacketing the field with a soft-ferromagnetic cylindrical shell which is magnetized in parallel to the enclosed field. The latter principle may be applied up to fields of about 0.1T. With fields of about 1mT, such boxes are being used for shipping spin-polarized (3)He worldwide for MRI purposes. For current powered boxes, we present concepts and realizations of uniaxial and tri-axial shielded magnetic fields which are homogeneous on the level of 10(-4) within the entire shielded volume. This is achieved by inserting tightly fitting solenoids into a box from soft-magnetic material. The flexible tri-axial solution suits in particular laboratory applications, e.g. for establishing a spin quantization axis.
Subject(s)
Electromagnetic Fields , Magnetics , Models, Theoretical , Computer Simulation , Spin LabelsABSTRACT
We present new data on electron scattering from a range of nuclei taken in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. For heavy nuclei, we observe a rapid falloff in the cross section for x>1, which is sensitive to short-range contributions to the nuclear wave function, and in deep inelastic scattering corresponds to probing extremely high momentum quarks. This result agrees with higher energy muon scattering measurements, but is in sharp contrast to neutrino scattering measurements which suggested a dramatic enhancement in the distribution of the "superfast" quarks probed at x>1. The falloff at x>1 is noticeably stronger in 2H and 3He, but nearly identical for all heavier nuclei.
ABSTRACT
New Jefferson Lab data are presented on the nuclear dependence of the inclusive cross section from (2)H, (3)He, (4)He, (9)Be and (12)C for 0.3 < x < 0.9, Q(2) approximately 3-6 GeV(2). These data represent the first measurement of the EMC effect for (3)He at large x and a significant improvement for (4)He. The data do not support previous A-dependent or density-dependent fits to the EMC effect and suggest that the nuclear dependence of the quark distributions may depend on the local nuclear environment.
ABSTRACT
Ferroelectric nanodomains were created in BaTiO(3) thin films by applying a voltage to a sharp conducting tip of a scanning force microscope (SFM). The films were epitaxially grown on SrRuO(3)-covered (001)-oriented SrTiO(3) substrates by a high-pressure sputtering. They appeared to be single-crystalline with the (001) crystallographic orientation relative to the substrate. Using the piezoresponse mode of the SFM to detect the out-of-plane film polarization, the domain sizes were measured as a function of the applied writing voltage and the pulse time. It was found that the time dependence of the domain diameter in a 60 nm thick BaTiO(3) film deviates significantly from the logarithmic law observed earlier in Pb(Zr(0.2)Ti(0.8))O(3) (PZT) films. At a given writing time, the domain size increases nonlinearly with increasing applied voltage, in contrast to the linear behavior reported earlier for PZT films and LiNbO(3) single crystals. The dynamics of domain growth is analyzed theoretically taking into account the strong inhomogeneity of the external electric field in the film and the influence of the bottom electrode. It is shown that the observed writing time and voltage dependences of the domain size can be explained by the domain-wall creep in the presence of random-bond disorder.
