Regulatory supervision of sites for spent fuel and radioactive waste storage in the Russian northwest.

In the 1960s two technical bases for the Northern Fleet were created in the Russian northwest at Andreeva Bay in the Kola Peninsula and Gremikha village on the coast of the Barents Sea. They maintained nuclear submarines, receiving and storing radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel. No further waste was received after 1985, and the technical bases have since been re-categorised as temporary storage sites. The handling of these materials to put them into a safe condition is especially hazardous because of their degraded state. This paper describes regulatory activities which have been carried out to support the supervision of radiological protection during recovery of waste and spent fuel, and to support regulatory decisions on overall site remediation. The work described includes: an assessment of the radiation situation on-site; the development of necessary additional regulatory rules and standards for radiation protection assurance for workers and the public during remediation; and the completion of an initial threat assessment to identify regulatory priorities. Detailed consideration of measures for the control of radiation exposure of workers and radiation exposure of the public during and after operations and emergency preparedness and response are complete and provided in sister papers. The continuing requirements for regulatory activities relevant to the development and implementation of on-going and future remediation activities are also outlined. The Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority supports the work, as part of the Norwegian Government's plan of action to promote improvements in radiation protection and nuclear safety in northwest Russia.

[Laser correlation spectroscopy of blood plasma for diagnosis of postradiation sequels]. / Lazernaia korreliatsionnaia spektroskopiia plazmy krovi dlia diagnostiki postradiatsionnykh posledstvii.

The method of laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) of biological fluids, permit to detect fractional composition of biological fluids (in this case--blood plasma). This method have been used to study the late effects of radiation in experimental investigations on animals (irradiation in doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors) and on the people living in the zone of Ural Radiation Trace. LCS spectra analysis show the proportion of separate ingredients in the blood plasma in the very bright range of molecular dimensions (d = 1-10000 nm) and for this analysis the special way of classification (semiotic classification) have been proposed. Multicomponent spectra, represented as a histogram (the abscess--diameters of light-scattering particles, ordinate--their per cent in the light-scattering of the whole sample) divide on the separate a priori marked zones with the appropriate means of diameters light-scattering subcomponent. In dependence on the increasing, or decreasing of enclosing in the light-scattering separated subcomponent the program of classification refer this histogram to separate cluster. Each cluster on the basis of preliminary investigations of different pathologic states related to the definite sign reflecting the type of homeostatic alterations (intoxication, allergic, dystrophic, catabolic and their combinations). The detection of the direction of homeostatic alteration and its degree is the main purpose of the semiotic classification of LC-spectra. In this paper it was shown that this way of diagnostic of the nature of homeostatic alterations in the blood plasma is more informative in the evaluation of the weightiness of pathologic state of organism in the comparison with the complexes of laboratory methods, usually used. The method can register immunoglobulin relations, changes in concentrations of lipoproteids and cholesterol and fractional composition of immunocompetent blood cells. The model experiments on animals irradiated in the doses that induce the high frequency of malignant tumors in 12 months thereafter (50 per cent of irradiated rats) have been conducted. With the help of LCS blood plasma it is possible to show the differences in direction of homeostatic changes in animals with and without oncological disease in a long period of time before pathomorphological registration of tumors. At last when 764 individuals living in the Zone of Ural radiation trace have been inspected by the LCS blood plasma it was shown: a. individuals without pathological diagnosis (in the range of 100-150 cz cumulating doses) the radiation action doesn't modify the homeostasis system in practice; b. in individuals with preoncological, oncological, autoimmune and metabolical diseases the modification of homeostasis system in these doses range is noticed. The direction of this modification depend on the nature of pathological process. The methodical simplicity of LCS investigations, rapidity and automatism of analysis together with informative sensitivity of this method testify to perspectives use of LCS blood plasma for the decision of the problem of biodosimetry of irradiation of experimental animals and for monitoring of late effects after low dose irradiation.

[Effect of fluorine-containing ethers of permetrinic acid on inactivation kinetics of sodium influx into neuroblastoma cells (NEURO-2(alpha)]. / Vliianie ftorsoderzhashchikh éfirov permetrinovoi kisloty na kinetiku inaktivatsii natrievogo toka v kletkakh neiroblastomy (NEURO-2(alpha).

A synthesis of a number of esters of (+/-)-cis, trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) -2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with polyfluorinated alcohols was carried out. Their effect on kinetics of inactivation of sodium current in neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cells by the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration was investigated.

[The connection of the electronic structure and biological activity of various derivatives of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine]. / Sviaz' élektronnoi struktury i biologicheskoi aktivnosti nekotorykh proizvodnykh 1-metil-4-fenil-1,2,3,6-tetragidropiridina.

Electron structure of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and some of its analogs--the substrates of monoaminooxidase--substituted by phenyl cycles was studied by semiempiric quantum-chemical CNDOR, MINDOB methods. The relationship between the obtained electron and conformation parameters (orientation of the phenyl ring in particular) and biological activity of the compounds under consideration is discussed. A comparative analysis of the distribution pattern of the electron density for the MPTP molecule calculated by the above methods showed a good agreement between the results obtained.