ABSTRACT
Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) are enzymes that break down carbapenem antibiotics, leading to carbapenem-resistant organisms. Carbapenemase-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) is one of them. Outbreaks of CRE infection can occur in healthcare facilities and lead to increased deaths, illness, and medical costs. This study was conducted to detect MBLs using non-carbapenem agents and exclude MBLs among CRE isolates. A total of 3776 non-duplicate sequential Enterobacterales isolates from a single facility were screened between January 2019 and December 2022 using non-carbapenem agents, ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Positive 153 isolates (4.0%) were further tested using carbapenemase-confirmation tests and verified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing. Fifteen imipenemase (IMP)-type MBL-producing Enterobacterales (0.4%) including one susceptible to carbapenems were identified. Moreover, 160 isolates (4.2%) meeting the criteria for CRE were directly subjected to PCR testing. All fourteen CRE isolates with MBLs identified through PCR testing were found to be the same strains screened using ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam. Screening using ceftazidime and cefoperazone/sulbactam can effectively detect MBL-producing Enterobacterales strains. This screening method showed comparable results to screening with meropenem, potentially serving as a supplementary approach and contributing to differentiating between MBL- and non-MBL-producing CRE strains. Our findings support these screening methods, particularly in regions where IMP-type MBLs are prevalent.
ABSTRACT
Vibrio vulnificus infection often occurs in warm regions, frequently leading to necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis, and death. We herein report a rare case presenting in a cold climate region in northern Japan, Aomori district, of a V. vulnificus infection complicated by necrotizing fasciitis and septic shock. The patient's prior history of injury and typical clinical course were helpful clues to the diagnosis of V. vulnificus infection, and early initiation of antimicrobial treatment saved his life. V. vulnificus infection should be considered even in cold regions, particularly if patients have risk factors.
Subject(s)
Cold Climate , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/etiology , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/therapy , Shock, Septic/etiology , Vibrio Infections/complications , Aged , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/microbiology , Humans , Japan , Male , Risk Factors , Vibrio vulnificusABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Gemcitabine combined with carboplatin (GC) is a widely used regimen for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but clinical outcome is still hampered by its toxicity. We conducted a randomized phase II study of GC and compared biweekly versus standard schedules in patients with advanced NSCLC with respect to toxicity and outcome. METHODS: Forty patients with stage IIIB or IV NSCLC were randomized to receive either a biweekly regimen of GC [gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 14) and carboplatin (area under the concentration-time curve, AUC = 3 on days 1 and 14)] every 28 days or a standard regimen of GC [gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8) and carboplatin (AUC = 5 on day 1)] every 21 days. These cycles were repeated until disease progression. RESULTS: Response rates were 55% for the biweekly regimen and 40% for the standard regimen. Median overall and progression-free survival times were 19.7 and 6.2 months, respectively, for the biweekly regimen, and 11.8 and 2.8 months, respectively, for the standard GC regimen. Hematologic toxicity was prominent. However, the incidence of grade 1 or 2 thrombocytopenia was significantly lower in the biweekly than in the standard GC regimen (p < 0.05). Nonhematologic toxicity was mild. CONCLUSION: A biweekly GC regimen was better tolerated than a standard GC regimen in patients with advanced NSCLC.
