Nodding syndrome: 2015 International Conference Report and Gulu Accord.

Nodding syndrome is a pediatric epileptic encephalopathy of apparent environmental origin that was first described in Tanzania, with recent epidemics in South Sudan and Uganda. Following a brief description of the medical geography, setting and case definition of this progressive brain disorder, we report recent advances relating to etiology, diagnosis and treatment described in papers given at the 2nd International Conference on Nodding Syndrome held in July 2015 in Gulu, Uganda. The target audience for this report includes: anthropologists, entomologists, epileptologists, health care workers, helminthologists, medical researchers, neuroepidemiologists, neurologists, neuroscientists, neuropathologists, nurses, nutritional scientists, primary health care physicians, psychiatrists, public health practitioners, toxicologists, and virologists.

HIV/AIDS Stigmatization, the Reason for Poor Access to HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) Among the Youths in Gulu (Uganda).

HIV/AIDS-related stigma still exists in many communities in Uganda. Stigma perpetuates discrimination and this may be a key contributor to the spread of HIV/AIDS in this country. Right from the beginning, HIV/AIDS epidemic has been accompanied with fear, ignorance and denial, leading to stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. A study conducted by Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) in Uganda indicated that 64% of the people who tested for HIV/AIDS did not disclose status to their partners due to fear of stigmatization. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulu District, Pece sub County among the youths 15 to 35 years old. A structured questionnaire was administered to 86 consented youths who were consecutively selected. Ethical approval was obtained from Gulu Hospital. Most youths (90%) practiced stigmatization, (93.1%) respondents had adequate knowledge on HIV counseling and testing (HCT). However, only (36.1%) had undertaken HCT and the majority did not do because of fear of stigmatization. There is sufficient knowledge, a positive attitude but a poor practice to HCT. There is high level of HIV/AIDS stigmatization among the youths.

HIV/AIDS stigmatization, the reason for poor access to hiv counseling and testing (HCT) among the youths in Gulu (Uganda)

HIV/AIDS-related stigma still exists in many communities in Uganda. Stigma perpetuates discrimination and this may be a key contributor to the spread of HIV/AIDS in this country. Right from the beginning; HIV/AIDS epidemic has been accompanied with fear; ignorance and denial; leading to stigmatization and discrimination against people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. A study conducted by Uganda AIDS Commission (UAC) in Uganda indicated that 64 of the people who tested for HIV/AIDS did not disclose status to their partners due to fear of stigmatization. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gulu District; Pece sub County among the youths 15 to 35 years old. A structured questionnaire was administered to 86 consented youths who were consecutively selected. Ethical approval was obtained from Gulu Hospital. Most youths (90) practiced stigmatization; (93.1) respondents had adequate knowledge on HIV counseling and testing (HCT). However; only (36.1) had undertaken HCT and the majority did not do because of fear of stigmatization. There is sufficient knowledge; a positive attitude but a poor practice to HCT. There is high level of HIV/AIDS stigmatization among the youths.nef Gene Products; Human Immunodeficiency Virus bAdolescent Medicine cDiscrimination

Pancreatic cancer in an 18-year-old boy.

We report a case of histopathologically proven pancreatic cancer in an 18-year-old boy. Complete blood picture revealed moderate normochromic normocytic anaemia with anisocytosis. Other laboratory results including liver function tests, renal functions tests, serum amylase, fasting blood sugar level and serum electrolytes were all of normal values. Abdominal US showed a focal mass of the pancreatic body and tail with involvement of the spleen and the transverse colon. Laparotomy confirmed the sonographic findings and demonstrated adhesions of the transverse colon to the mass at the splenic hilum. Histology of the mass showed a well differentiated adenocarcinona of the body and tail of the pancreas. This highlights the differentiation of pancreatic cancer from autoimmune pancreatitis and, to a lesser extent, other forms of pancreatitis and benign pancreatic lesions.

The Postoperative Complications Prediction in Mulago Hospital using POSSUM Scoring System

Introduction: Prediction of complications is an essential part of risk management in surgery. Knowing which patient to operate and those at high risk of developing complications contributes significantly to the quality of surgical care and cost reduction. The postoperative complications of patients who underwent Laparotomy in Mulago hospital were studied using POSSUM scoring system. The main objective of this study was to determine the postoperative complications of Laparotomy in Mulago Hospital; between September 2003 and February 2004. Methods: consecutive patients; who underwent Laparotomy in Mulago; were studied using POSSUM system for development of complications. For each patient operated; they were followed up in wards until discharge. When the postoperative complications were reported; they were reexamined by the surgeons; treated and followed up for 30 days postoperatively. Phone contacts were used for the follow up. Surgical reviews were conducted once a week in Mulago Hospital and the data obtained recorded in the data sheet for the patients. Results: Seventy-six patients were studied. The observed post operative complications were as follows: Respiratory tract infection (28.2); wound haemmorrhage (18.2); anaemia (15.5); hypotension (14.1); UTI (2.2); Anastomotic leak (1.4); Wound sepsis (9.9); wound dehiscence (4.2); Thromboembolism (1.4). The postoperative nursing care significantly determined the outcomes. Conclusion: Postoperative complications can be predicted in the modern management of surgery especially while using a scoring system