Bloqueo continuo del grupo de nervios pericapsular como analgesia para fractura de columna y pared posterior de acetábulo, reporte de caso y descripción de régimen de infusión para ampliar la cobertura analgésica a la región femoral distal / Continuous pericapsular nerve group blockade as analgesia for fracture of the posterior column and wall of the acetabulum; a case report and description of infusion regimen for extending analgesic effect to the distal femoral area

El uso de bloqueos de nervios para cirugías de cadera tiene beneficios demostrados. El bloqueo del grupo de nervios pericapsular es una técnica nueva que ha demostrado proveer una analgesia más satisfactoria para fracturas y artroplastias de cadera, en comparación con otros bloqueos más comúnmente usados para este tipo de cirugía. Este permite bloquear la inervación de la cápsula anterior a través del nervio obturador y las ramas articulares del femoral y obturador accesorio. Existen escasas publicaciones que describan el uso de catéteres perineurales para proveer analgesia continua utilizando esta técnica. Presentamos un caso de bloqueo continuo para analgesia preoperatoria, en un paciente que sufrió una fractura de columna y pared posterior de acetábulo, por aproximadamente 120 h. Al aumentar la velocidad de infusión se logró agregar analgesia para la región femoral distal. A diferencia de lo descrito previamente, el bloqueo se realizó utilizando un transductor de ultrasonido lineal

The use of peripheral nerve blockade for hip surgeries has proved to be beneficial. The PEricapsular Nerve Group block is a new technique described for hip fracture and hip arthroplasty that has shown to provide better analgesia compared to other peripheral blocks commonly performed for this type of surgery. This technique blocks the obturator nerve and the articular branches of the femoral nerve and the accessory obturator nerve. There are few reports describing continuous analgesia using catheters inserted in the pericapsular nerve group area. We describe a case of continuous nerve block for preoperative analgesia that lasted up to 120 hours in an adult patient with a fracture of the posterior column and wall of the acetabulum. We found that by increasing the infusion rate, analgesia reached the distal femoral area. Unlike the original technique, a high-frequency linear probe was used in this case

Continuous pericapsular nerve group blockade as analgesia for fracture of the posterior column and wall of the acetabulum; a case report and description of infusion regimen for extending analgesic effect to the distal femoral area. / Bloqueo continuo del grupo de nervios pericapsular como analgesia para fractura de columna y pared posterior de acetábulo, reporte de caso y descripción de régimen de infusión para ampliar la cobertura analgésica a la región femoral distal.

The use of peripheral nerve blockade for hip surgeries has proved to be beneficial. The PEricapsular Nerve Group block is a new technique described for hip fracture and hip arthroplasty that has shown to provide better analgesia compared to other peripheral blocks commonly performed for this type of surgery. This technique blocks the obturator nerve and the articular branches of the femoral nerve and the accessory obturator nerve. There are few reports describing continuous analgesia using catheters inserted in the pericapsular nerve group area. We describe a case of continuous nerve block for preoperative analgesia that lasted up to 120hours in an adult patient with a fracture of the posterior column and wall of the acetabulum. We found that by increasing the infusion rate, analgesia reached the distal femoral area. Unlike the original technique, a high-frequency linear probe was used in this case.

Optimization of baculovirus transduction on FreeStyle293 cells for the generation of influenza B/Lee/40.

Recombinant baculovirus expression vectors derived from the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus can serve as efficient gene-transfer vehicles for transient expression of recombinant proteins in a wide range of mammalian cell types and are able to produce multisubunit particles such as viruses or virus like particles. In this study, we constructed eight recombinant baculoviruses each containing one of the influenza B/Lee/40 virus genes in a bidirectional expression cassette for simultaneous mRNA and viral RNA transcription. Baculoviruses were transduced into FreeStyle293 in combination with the specific histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). Cotransduction conditions were optimized with a set of five baculoviruses (influenza B/Lee/40 PB1, PB2, PA, and NP and the control construct NCR-NS-minus-sense orientated encoding green fluorescent protein [rGFP]), which led to GFP expression in each host cell transduced with all five constructs. Based on the optimization with five constructs, transduction with eight baculoviruses was performed at MOI 50 and 100 with high yield stocks and 1 microM TSA and led to successful rescue of infectious influenza B/Lee/40 viruses.

Vaccine potential of influenza vectors expressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis ESAT-6 protein.

We generated several attenuated recombinant influenza A vectors expressing the Mycobacterium tuberculosis early secretory antigenic target (ESAT-6) protein. The ESAT-6 protein was recently identified as one of the most promising protective antigens for cell-mediated immunity. The obtained vectors appeared to be capable of inducing ESAT-6 specific Th1 immune response in mice after intranasal immunization. We found that double immunization with two influenza vectors of different subtypes provided a significant level of protection in mice, when applied as prophylactic vaccine, as well as substantial therapeutic effect in mice with pre-established tuberculosis infection. Moreover, we found a strong synergistic effect when vaccination with Flu/ESAT-6 vectors was combined with isoniazid treatment, resulting in a dramatic reduction of bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice.

Inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin from rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe or medial basal hypothalamus in vitro.

The present study was performed to examine the effect of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and that of various prostaglandins on the release of vasopressin and beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI) from the rat neurointermediate lobe of the hypophysis, which was superfused in vitro. Indomethacin (2.8 and 28 mumol/l) changed neither basal secretion of vasopressin nor that evoked by electrical stimulation, whereas the resting release of beta-EI was enhanced by indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin (PG) E2 did not influence resting release of vasopressin but markedly inhibited (by about 50%) electrically induced release of vasopressin (least effective concentration: 300 nmol/l) as well as spontaneous secretion of beta-EI (least effective concentration: 100 nmol/l) in the presence of indomethacin (28 mumol/l). Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l) also inhibited the evoked release of vasopressin, whereas PGD2 (5 mumol/l) did not. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (5 mumol/l), D2 and I2 (1.5 mumol/l each) produced no effects on beta-EI release. As observed in the neurohypophysis, PGE2 inhibited the electrically induced release of vasopressin from the medial basal hypothalamus in vitro. We conclude that prostaglandins (especially PGE2) can inhibit (1) the stimulated release of vasopressin when acting on vasopressin-containing nerve terminals of either neurosecretory system (neurohypophysis, median eminence region), and (2) the secretion of beta-EI and, as can be inferred, alpha-MSH, by a direct action on intermediate lobe cells.

Van der waals interactions and exciton condensation.

It is shown that the van der Waals interaction can lead at low temperatures to a condensed state of excitons with properties in qualitative agreement with the observations of exciton droplets. Our calculation gives a binding energy of the correct sign and magnitude for the exciton condensate. In a diclectric medium, the strong enhancement of the exciton polarizability leads to a giant van der Waals interaction, and this interaction appears to make possible a condensed exciton phase.

Postulational basis of the law of increase of entropy.

The law increase of entropy is shown to be a consequence of the central assumption, in the manner of Gibbs, for the construction of the ensemble that represents the physical system. It is no longer necessary to make two separate assumptions in the Gibbs-Tolman development of the bases of statistical mechanics.