Subject(s)
Alcohol Drinking , Diet, Reducing , Overweight/diet therapy , Weight Loss , Adult , Aged , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Analysis of Variance , Dietary Services , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/prevention & control , Overweight/prevention & controlABSTRACT
The most-used safety recommendation for protective vests is that the impact should not cause more than a 44-mm impression in plasticine. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this criterion was sufficient if the vest was exposed to a high-velocity projectile. We tested the hypothesis with pigs divided into a 40-mm group (n = 10) and a 34-mm group (n = 8) protected by a vest allowing a 40-mm or 34-mm impression in plasticine, respectively. Five (50%) of 10 animals in the 40-mm group and 2 (25%) of 8 in the 34-mm group died due to the trauma. We observed severe lung hematoma, impaired circulation, desaturation, and electroencephalogram changes. These effects were more aggravated in the 40-mm group compared to the 34-mm group. Based on our results, the overall judgment is that the safety criterion of 44-mm impression is insufficient when a vest is exposed to a high-velocity projectile.
Subject(s)
Contusions/etiology , Lung Diseases/etiology , Protective Clothing , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/complications , Animals , Contusions/mortality , Electroencephalography , Female , Lung Diseases/mortality , Male , Potassium/blood , Swine , Wounds, Nonpenetrating/mortalitySubject(s)
Diagnostic Errors , Internal Medicine , Malpractice , Medical Errors , Medication Errors , Diagnostic Errors/legislation & jurisprudence , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Humans , Internal Medicine/standards , Malpractice/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Errors/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Medication Errors/legislation & jurisprudence , Medication Errors/prevention & control , Physician-Patient Relations , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , SwedenABSTRACT
A total of 385 drug-therapy naïve patients, with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes, were randomised into a multinational, parallel-group study to compare two strategies for dose titration of the oral hypoglycaemic agent repaglinide. Patients were allocated to either a fasting blood glucose (FBG) monitoring group with titration target 4.4-6.1 mmol/l or to a post-prandial blood glucose (PPBG) monitoring group with titration target 4.4-8.0 mmol/l. An initial titration period of up to 8 weeks was followed by a 12-week treatment period. Glycaemic control and hypoglycaemic outcomes were compared for the respective groups. HbA(1c) decreased significantly more in the FBG monitoring group by a mean of 1.38% compared to the PPBG group by a mean of 1.22% (P=0.03). The glycaemic control targets were met by fewer patients in the FBG group than in the PPBG group (57% versus 86% (P<0.001)) despite a higher mean dose of repaglinide in the FBG group. The within-patient blood glucose variability was significantly lower in the FBG group than in the PPBG group (P<0.001). In conclusion, repaglinide lowered the HbA(1c) effectively and safely in both groups and self-monitored FBG is a suitable parameter for titration of repaglinide. Whether a lower PPBG target might be as good a guide as FBG for titration of repaglinide should be addressed in a future study.
Subject(s)
Carbamates/administration & dosage , Carbamates/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Piperidines/administration & dosage , Piperidines/therapeutic use , Adult , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Carbamates/adverse effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Fasting , Female , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Male , Piperidines/adverse effects , Postprandial Period , SafetyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Guidelines for the prevention of coronary heart disease call for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction as the primary target of treatment and reduction of triglycerides (TG) as an additional target. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of atorvastatin and simvastatin to reduce LDL-C and TG concentrations and to meet 3 target lipid levels: LDL-C Subject(s)
Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
, Heptanoic Acids/therapeutic use
, Pyrroles/therapeutic use
, Simvastatin/therapeutic use
, Adult
, Aged
, Anticholesteremic Agents/adverse effects
, Atorvastatin
, Cholesterol, LDL/blood
, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
, Double-Blind Method
, Female
, Heptanoic Acids/adverse effects
, Humans
, Hypercholesterolemia/drug therapy
, Male
, Middle Aged
, Pyrroles/adverse effects
, Simvastatin/adverse effects
, Treatment Outcome
, Triglycerides/blood