ABSTRACT
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in adults, both in general and perioperatively and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The age of the patients is a major risk factor. The prevalence of AF in noncardiac surgery (NCS) varies widely from 0.4% to 30% and for cardiac surgery, especially major combined procedures, up to approximately 50%. Ectopic excitation centers and reentry mechanisms at the atrial level are favored as the main process of uncoordinated electrical atrial activity. The loss of atrial contraction can lead to a reduction in cardiac output of up to 20-25%. The increased risk of thromboembolism due to AF extends beyond the perioperative period. Medication-based prevention strategies have not yet gained widespread acceptance. Treatment strategies include frequency and rhythm control as well as the avoidance of thromboembolisms through anticoagulation.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Humans , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Cardiac Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Heart AtriaABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the accuracy and trending ability of the fourth-generation FloTrac/EV1000 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) system in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis by comparing FloTrac/EV1000-derived cardiac output (CCO-FT) with continuous thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter (CCO-PAC) measurements before and after surgical valve replacement. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Anesthesia for cardiac surgery, operating room, single-center university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five patients were included. After exclusion, 20 patients undergoing elective aortic valve replacement were analyzed. INTERVENTIONS: After induction of general anesthesia, CCO-FT and CCO-PAC values were recorded every 30 seconds before and after aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthesis under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data were analyzed separately from skin incision to last suture and before and after CPB. Regression analyses, Bland-Altman analyses, and trending analyses (4-quadrant plot, polar plot) were performed. The percentage errors of the FloTrac/EV1000 were 69.7% and 59.3% before and after CPB, respectively. The concordance rates (CRs) and angular CRs of the FloTrac/EV1000 were 50.9% and 57.1%, and 48.7% and 61.9% before and after CPB, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study revealed a low level of agreement and poor trending ability of the FloTrac/EV1000 system compared to continuous thermodilution pulmonary artery catheter in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Although there was a slight improvement after surgical valve replacement and CPB, the results were not within acceptable limits to replace CCO-PAC in this patient population.
