ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43153.].
ABSTRACT
Childhood obesity is a global public health problem with significant implications for the health and well-being of children. The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing every decade, making it a recognized public health concern. This systematic review aims to explore and evaluate the impact of school-based interventions on reducing pediatric obesity among school-aged children. A systematic review of literature according to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 was conducted. Google Scholar, PubMed, and Cochrane were the databases used. After screening for bias, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality, 27 studies were included in the systematic review, and data were synthesized. The results show that physical activity reduces obesity and improves cardiovascular health. The nutritional change reduces the risk of obesity more than physical activity alone. When blended, the two provide the most benefits for participants. Motivation, self-efficacy, and behavioral change could help maintain the improvements. Schools should adopt a blend of physical activity and nutritional change to reduce prevent, reduce, and manage obesity.
ABSTRACT
Cholecystoduodenal fistulas are a type of internal biliary fistula that occur due to chronic inflammation of the gallbladder/biliary tree; if left untreated, perforation and necrosis can occur. Cholecystoduodenal fistulas are often difficult to diagnose due to their non-specific signs and symptoms. Since the widespread use of techniques such as magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and imaging modalities such as computed tomography, the frequency of reports describing intraoperative cholecystoduodenal fistula has reduced dramatically. Here, we report the case of a 54-year-old female who presented with a two-day history of non-radiating epigastric abdominal pain, initially diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and choledocholithiasis. Upon undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, she was found to have extensive fibrosis of the gallbladder, adhesions, and an impacted gallstone in the wall of the gallbladder. Imaging and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography performed prior to surgery did not detect a cholecystoduodenal fistula that was discovered intraoperatively. She was treated successfully with laparoscopic cholecystectomy and repair of the duodenum.
