ABSTRACT
Atypical forms of IBD include the microscopic colitides, collagenous and lymphocytic colitis, and two macroscopic colitides, SRUS and diversion colitis. Clinical presentations include chronic, watery diarrhea and intermittant rectal bleeding. Constitutional symptoms are typically absent; laboratory data are often nonspecific. Colonoscopic evaluation and mucosal biopsy are essential in establishing these diagnoses and excluding more classic forms of IBD (i.e., Crohn's disease or idiopathic ulcerative colitis). Prognosis and response to treatment are variable; potential therapeutic options include dietary manipulations, topical or systemic anti-inflammatory agents, and, in refractory cases, surgical intervention.
Subject(s)
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases , Colitis/diagnosis , Colitis/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Rectal Diseases/diagnosis , Rectal Diseases/pathology , Ulcer/diagnosis , Ulcer/pathologySubject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Humans , Mathematics , Statistics as TopicSubject(s)
Animal Feed , Animal Husbandry , Cattle/physiology , Animals , Body Weight , Male , Niger , Plants , Seasons , Tropical ClimateABSTRACT
In conscious fullgrown minipigs simple SPV alone, SPV and pyloric stenosis and SPV and pyloroplasty were performed. After a liquid test meal the motoric and secretory function of the stomach were examined simultaneously by a modified method of intestinal perfusion and aspiration. After simple SPV initially a marked decrease of gastric volume and normal emptying into the duodenum were found. With additional pyloric stenosis no significant change was found. The pyloroplasty lead to an increase of gastric volume and delayed emptying. The acid secretion after feeding reduced by SPV was not changed significantly neither by pyloroplasty nor by pyloric stenosis. The baseline values of serum gastrin were elevated after SPV as well as after SPV in combination with pyloric stenosis or pyloroplasty. After food stimulation there was a delayed increase of gastrin after SPV which differed from that after SPV with pyloric stenosis or pyloroplasty only during the first hour. These results show that after SPV no further improvement of the motoric and secretory function can be achieved by an additional pyloroplasty. Furthermore these findings permit the conclusion that even after SPV with additional artificial pyloric stenosis no delayed gastric emptying occurs and that there is no negative effect postoperatively on the acid secretion and gastrin production.
Subject(s)
Pyloric Stenosis/physiopathology , Pylorus/surgery , Stomach/physiology , Vagotomy , Animals , Digestion , Gastric Juice/analysis , Gastric Juice/metabolism , Gastrins/physiology , Gastrointestinal Motility , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Male , SwineSubject(s)
Crohn Disease/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Crohn Disease/pathology , Crohn Disease/therapy , HumansABSTRACT
The design of a modified Thomas canula is described. It's possible applications for investigation of exocrine pancreatic function and gastric secretion as well as gastric emptying in minipigs are discussed. The advantages of this modified canula are that it can be simply manufactured, that it is well tolerated by the tissue and that there is no risk for the animal and no need for the construction of a pouch.
Subject(s)
Catheterization/instrumentation , Pancreas/physiology , Animals , Fistula , Methods , Pancreas/surgery , SwineSubject(s)
Neural Conduction , Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Postgastrectomy Syndromes/physiopathology , Vitamin B 12/blood , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastrectomy/methods , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motor Neurons/physiopathology , Pyramidal Tracts/physiopathology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
The results of selective proximal vagotomy and pyloroplasty for duodenal and gastric ulcer in 464 patients over the last 5 years were evaluated in 438 cases. More than 75% of the patients were observed for 2 years after the operation. More than 25% were emergency cases, the incidence of intraoperative complications like splenic lesions or perforation of the esophagus was 3.2%. Postoperative complications like leakage of the pyloroplasty, peritonitis, hemorrhage from the pyloroplasty or disruption of the laparotomy closure occurred in 14,4%. The overall mortality was 4.6%, the elective mortality 1.6%. Recurrent ulcers were seen after 1/2-2 1/4 years with an overall rate of 3.2%. Over half of these cases required relaparotomy. In 5.3% relaparotomy had to be done for peritonitis, GI-bleeding, bleeding from the lesser curvature of the stomach, ileus or carcinoma. The Pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion remained constantly reduced for more then 2 years in over 60%. Following the Visick-grading system the results were good in 61-65% of the patients and bad in 16-22% depending on the time of observation.
Subject(s)
Peptic Ulcer/surgery , Pylorus/surgery , Vagotomy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Duodenal Ulcer/surgery , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Gastric Acidity Determination , Humans , Male , Methods , Middle Aged , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Recurrence , Stomach Ulcer/surgeryABSTRACT
The course of meiosis in higher plants is controlled by a large number of genes, the function of which can be discerned by means of mutants showing any kind of meiotic anomaly. In general, there are three main groups of genes belonging to this system. The as-genes control the pairing behaviour of the homologous chromosomes, causing asynapsis in the mutated condition. The ds-genes are responsible for chiasma formation and chiasma frequency, causing desynapsis in the mutated condition. As- and ds-genes influence micro- and macrosporogenesis in a similar way but the ms-genes become effective only in microsporogenesis, resulting in a complete breakdown of meiosis at a stage specific for each gene of the group.In Pisum sativum, 58 mutants showing genetically conditioned meiotic anomalies have been cytogenetically analysed: 34 of them belong to the ds- and 7 to the as-group; one gene causes asynaptic as well as desynaptic effects; 13 genotypes are male sterile due to degeneration of the chromosomes; the remaining 3 genes cause less specific meiotic disturbances. The lethality of a mutant can be overcome by distinct environmental conditions but the mutant is sterile because of manifold meiotic anomalies.One gene in the Pisum genome controls the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage of the plants. Other genes influence the differentiation of the growing points in such a way that the sporogenic tissues are not formed. In these mutants, no sporocytes are present which can undergo meiosis.From the findings available for many species of the plant kingdom, it can be assumed that hundreds of genes controlling meiosis are present in the genome of each higher plant.
ABSTRACT
Asynaptic and desynaptic mutants are characterized by the appearance of univalents in the course of meiosis. Their spatial arrangement in the spindle apparatus of metaphase I was cytologically investigated and the findings were statistically analysed. The great majority of our material could be fitted to a Polya-distribution. For the parameters of this distribution, point- and intervalestimations were performed by the maximum likelihood method, separately for each genotype and each univalent class. From the position of the estimates in the different classes, it can be concluded that in all genotypes under consideration a high number of bivalents increases the probability of the remaining univalents being arranged in the metaphase plate. The mutual interference of the univalents themselves differs from genotype to genotype: when the number of bivalents is low, each univalent that happens to be arranged in the metaphase plate raises the probability that the remaining univalents will migrate into the metaphase plate, too. In some cases, the mutual interference of the univalents is reduced when the number of bivalents increases; in other cases this interference is merely maintained. Finally, we tried to interpret the cytological and statistical findings by structural and functional changes of the spindle apparatus brought about by the existence of univalents.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Injuries/diagnosis , Peritoneum , Therapeutic Irrigation , Adult , Amylases/analysis , Ascitic Fluid/analysis , Ascitic Fluid/cytology , Ascitic Fluid/enzymology , Autopsy , Bile/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Duodenum/injuries , Erythrocyte Count , Escherichia coli , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Liver/injuries , Male , Methods , Rupture/diagnosis , Splenic Rupture/diagnosisABSTRACT
In connection with X-ray experiments on Pisum sativum 'Dippes gelbe Victoria', two translocation line showing dramatic deviations from the normal karyotype were selected and cytologically analysed (root tips). In line 62B, an exchange between the long arms of chromosome V and the satellite chromosome VII took place. In line 488, both satellite chromosomes IV and VII were involved in the exchange process, leading to a very short chromosome (VII T!), and a very long chromosome (IV T!) uniting both the satellites in one chromosome. The importance of these lines with regard to mutation breeding and evolution is discussed.
