ABSTRACT
On the basis of a survey of opinions of Czech pharmaceutical experts a prognosis of some changes in the pharmaceutical service in the Czech Republic was made by means of Delphi method. It has been confirmed that the use of this method is suitable for this purpose. It has followed from the answers of the experts that implementation of most innovations in the pharmaceutical service will take place at the beginning of the new century. Most of them believe in rapid introduction of computer technology into pharmacies and limitation of the assortment sold in pharmacies. A decrease in extemporaneous preparation below 5% and an establishment of fixed prices of pharmaceuticals for the final consumer are considered possible. Preparation of infusion mixtures exclusively in pharmacies and introduction of the one-dose system is considered as a long-term task.
Subject(s)
Pharmaceutical Services/trends , Czech Republic , Forecasting , HumansABSTRACT
To standardize studies on the utilization and consumption of drugs, the World Health Organization recommends the use of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system, using the defined daily dose (DDD value) as a technical unit of measurement of drug consumption. DDD values of total parenteral nutrition have not been established yet. In our descriptive study the methodology by E. Frankfort et al. (1993) is used. This methodology allows the calculation of both the total number of DDD values for TPN and the number of DDD values for the individual substances. Suggested DDD values and consumption of total parenteral nutrition by E. Frankfort et al. (1994) were compared with the values at the Teaching Hospital in Hradec Králové. During 3 months 142 patients administered only TPN were included in the study. The following data from every patient were collected: sex, age, the main diagnosis, composition of TPN each day and duration of this administration. The mean PDD value for carbohydrates was 200 +/- 41 g, for fat emulsion 77 +/- 27 g and for amino acids 93 +/- 16 g. The difference between our and Frankfort's results were found.
Subject(s)
Parenteral Nutrition, Total , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Hospitals, University , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
On the basis of an analysis of time series of consumption of infusion solutions in the Czech Republic its prognosis was made till the year 2000 using the trend analysis method. The results have shown that a further increase in consumption of infusion solutions must be expected. The forecasted consumption in the year 2000 with 90% reliability will reach the volume of 5.2 to 5.6 million litres. The production capacity for infusion solutions in the individual branches of Czech pharmacy will have to be adjusted to this trend.
Subject(s)
Infusions, Parenteral/statistics & numerical data , Czechoslovakia , ForecastingABSTRACT
A single orientational survey investigated the consumption of antiepileptic, antihypertensive and vasodilating agents. The analysis aimed to investigate the effect of the factors of sex and age patients as to the requirements for drugs of the selected pharmacotherapeutic groups. Evaluation of the results was performed on the basis of statistical processing by means of the test of the difference of two relative values. A dependence of drug consumption on the above-mentioned identification characteristics was confirmed, high consumption of antihypertensive and vasodilating agents, particularly in higher age categories, was demonstrated. The results have shown that it is necessary for our health service to continue considering the growing trend of drug consumption and not only to record, but also to analyze the consumption and its assortment and to use the conclusions both in practice and theory of pharmacotherapy.
Subject(s)
Anticonvulsants , Antihypertensive Agents , Vasodilator Agents , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Czechoslovakia , Drug Utilization , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The authors discuss problems of prognoses and their possible application in the health services, in particular in pharmacy and in prediction of drug consumption. The authors summarize the results of some investigations made along these lines. They emphasize the importance of prognostic activities from the aspect of organization and control as well as from the aspect of perspective plans.
