Hygienic Requirements of Urban Living Environment in the Russian Federation and in Italy: a comparison.

AIM: Urban planning tries to contain and regulate the uncontrolled growth of cities, encouraging their sustainable development at environmental, social and health levels. In the present work, the authors compare the regulatory frameworks of the Russian Federation and of Italy, with particular attention paid to the urban aspects of living spaces. METHODS: Considering the extant normative production in the two countries, the authors examine national legislation for Italy and federal legislation for Russia, mainly taking into account the following aspects: urban planning tools and environmental and sanitary protection of living spaces. RESULTS: Hygienic-sanitary requirements regarding living environment in Russia are essentially expressed by two regulatory systems (SNiP and SanPiN), while in Italy they are regulated by the D.M. 07/05/1975. The main principles of urban planning in Russia are expressed by federal standards, while in Italy they are incorporated in the Municipal General Plan (PRG) and in the various local regulations, where all the superordinate regulations are summarized. Finally, aspects related to environmental quality in both countries are governed by various specific laws (federal and state); a complex system of rules that take into account potential impacts on health and the environment. CONCLUSIONS: The authors reckon that clear and updated regulatory tools should be developed, especially in Italy that lags behind, regarding the building and urban hygiene, relying on the most recent acquisitions of international scientific literature in order to guarantee the highest standards in Public Health safeguard.

Essential hypertension and psychoneurologic state of civil aviation pilots.

Tests helped to evaluate psychoneurologic state in civil aviation pilots with various stages and grades of essential hypertension. Findings are that increase of essential hypertension intensity from borderline stage to 1 stage 2 grade reliably influences psychoneurologic state of pilots. Worsening was seen for parameters of volitional attention and spatial representation (test <>), ability to operate spatiel representations (test <>), ability to extrapolate, rapid sensomotor reaction (test <>), accuracy of dynamic eye assessment and balance of main nervous processes in visual analyzer (test <>). Essential hypertension groups demonstrated dependence of the test results on age. Essential hypertension lowers parameters of the tests restults - that characterizes psychoneurologic state of pilots.

Influence of work conditions on health state of workers engaged into hothouse production.

Findings are that major occupational risk factors of morbidity among hothouse female workers are unfavorable microclimate parameters: in hothouses for vegetables growing - high air temperature, high relateive humidity high air motion speed in summer; in hothouses for mushrooms growing - high humidity forced posture work. In occupational morbidity structure of hothouse female workers, the major place is occupied by acute respiratory viral infections, respiratory diseases (20.6%) and locomotory diseases (7.9%).

[Regional features of food standards and health risks associated with chemical contamination of food].

In the article there are presented results of a study of the balance of food consumption by the population of the Voronezh region, the assessment of the level of contamination of food products and both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic and public health risk caused by this contamination. There was evaluated the level of nutrition-dependent diseases. A special feature of this study is a comparative analysis of data obtained during the two five-year periods of 1995-1999 and 2010-2014, that permitted to reveal changes in food consumption, the dynamics of morbidity rate associated with the nutritional factor.

[HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF RADIATION DOSES TO THE POPULATION OF THE VORONEZH REGION FROM SOURCES OF IONIZING IRRADIATION].

In the article there are presented the results of evaluation of radiation doses to the population of the Voronezh region from natural and man-made sources of ionizing radiation. It was established that in the structure of the collective dose of the population of the Voronezh region annually the dose from natural sources of ionizing radiation leads, ranging from 74.96% to 76.68%. According to the evaluation of indices characterizing the level of the impact of sources of ionizing radiation there was no recorded exceedance of statutory criteria.

[Complex technogenic load and morbidity of workers engaged in synthetic rubber production]. / Kompleksnaia tekhnogennaia nagruzka i zabalevaemost' rabotaiushchikh v proizvodstve sinteticheskogo kauchuka.

Workers engaged into synthetic rubber production are exposed to multicomponent chemical mixtures, noise, general vibration (in excretion workshops), unfavorable microclimate parameters, physical and psychoemotional overload.

[Medical and biological problems of relationship between food product quality and free radical oxidation state in humans]. / Mediko-biologicheskie problemy vzaimosviazi kachestva produktov pitaniia i sostoianiia svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia v organizme.

Relation between quality of nutrition products and condition not infectious morbidity of the population of Republic Adygea, connected with development of free-radical processes are shown. The levels of contamination of products by nitrates, pesticides, heavy metals are investigated, the contents of vitamins-antioxidants is established. Was applied biotesting fats with use test-culture T. piriformis which had shown in 50% of cases subacute toxicity of the investigated samples and 6.2%--acute toxicity. In 1994-1998 is marked the growth of morbidity of the population a cataract (21.3%) and stomach ulcer (61.8%), diabetes (51.5%) on a background of insignificant decrease of morbidity in general. The priority directions in optimization antioxidative status of organism and decrease of free-radical pathologies level.