High-porosity activated carbons for bilirubin removal.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the extent of activation of synthetic granula and fibrous carbons and the adsorption of bilirubin from protein solutions. The total pore volumes of granular carbons START, SCN and fibrous activated carbons ACFM were 0.9-2.2. cm3/g and 0.8-1.5 cm3/g, respectively. A parallel increase in volume and specific surface area of micropores lead to a 4-5-fold increase of bilirubin adsorption from a 3% HSA solution. About 3 mg of bilirubin per 1 ml of the working column volume is removed from the solution with a 18 mg/100 ml concentration, after 8 min contact with an adsorbent after 4 hours of perfusion. Removal of bilirubin from model solutions means the conformation of albumin molecules can be restored. Carbon adsorbents synthesized for the elimination of bilirubin from protein-containing solutions can also be called deliganding adsorbents, since under some experimental conditions they eliminate other protein-bound ligands, viz. phenols by 97-99%, bile acids by 90-92% and sodium caprylate by 89-95%.

Enterosorption in oncotherapy.

Patients with lymphogranulomatosis undergoing radiotherapy according to the radical scheme were treated with fibrous carbon enterosorbent VESTA in tablets for 14 days (group I, 23 patients) from the moment of leukopenia development (lower then 2.2 x 10(9)/l) or were traditionally treated using parenteral administration of hemostimulants, hemosubstitutes and detoxicants (group II, 23 patients). After 14 days leukopenia was cured in 18 patients of group I (78%) and in 11 patients of group II (48%), with an average number of leukocytes in the patients of groups I and II growing by 2 and 1.6 times, respectively. The administration of enterosorbents enabled interruptions in radiotherapy caused by the development of leukopenia and the deterioration of health status to be greatly shortened and the requirements in expensive transfusion media to be sharply reduced.

Comparative evaluation of the structure and properties of certain granulated and fibrous activated carboniferous sorbents.

This paper presents the results of the comparative evaluation of the structure and sorption properties of fibrous (AYBM- -MH) and granulated (CKH-IK) carboniferous sorbents. The structure of sorbents was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), while the sorption properties were studied through application of adsorption-desorption of markers (medinal, creatinine, uric acid, vitamin B12). Carbon fiber sorbents have been found to possess more favorable characteristics of the sorptive capacity and a better porous structure. The EPR spectrum of a fibrous sorbent contains the signal in the form of a solitary line with a g-factor of 2.0025 +/- 0.0003, while the granulated sorbent has no signal. Such properties of fibrous sorbents as nontoxicity, biological compatibility, variety of textile patterns, elasticity, strength, etc. promote their application in capacity of versatile, high-quality medical materials. Due to their compatibility with blood cells and body tissue, spherical sorbents found extensive application in the clinical practice (1,2). However, considering the potential application of sorbents in modern medicine (hemosorption, enterosorption, application therapy) it is important that sorbents with improved sorption, kinetic and other operational characteristics be developed. The results presented demonstrate properties of granulated and fibrous sorbents produced using different technologies and source materials. Also indicated are the differences related to the pattern of sorbents.