ABSTRACT
In the suggested classification of affections of the kidneys in diabetes mellitus the main attention is paid to the vascular genesis of the appearing disturbances. The terms used formerly ("diabetic glomerulosclerosis", "diabetic nephropathy") failed to reflect the primary affections of the vessels. The following new terms are suggested: "diabetic microangionephropathy" (affection of the small vessels), "macroangiography" (affection of the large vessels), "diabetic angionephropathy" (complex affection of the renal vessels). "Pyelonephritis" (acute and chronic) was also introduced into the classification due to its exceedingly frequent occurrence in diabetes. The term "diabetic nephropathy" is suggested for complex affection including diabetic angionephropathy and pyelonephritis. Diabetic microangionephropathy should be divided into four clinico-laboratory stages; their characteristics are presented. Particular attention was paid to the accessibility of their diagnosis in medical institutions.
Subject(s)
Diabetic Nephropathies/classification , Kidney Diseases/classification , Acute Disease , Chronic Disease , Diabetic Angiopathies/classification , Diabetic Nephropathies/diagnosis , Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/classification , Humans , Kidney/blood supply , Kidney Diseases/diagnosis , Proteinuria/classification , Pyelonephritis , Terminology as Topic , Uremia/classificationABSTRACT
The paper discusses of the results of treatment with preparations of phenylethylbiguanide (dibotin, meltrol, dipar, dibophen-retard), of butylbiguanide (silubin-retard, buforming-retard) and of dimethyl-biguanide (glucophage-retard). All these preparations were of prolonged action. The treatment was carried out in 242 patients. The saccharolytic action of the active agent contained in one tablet of each type of biguanide was approximately the same. Biguanides of prolonged action were highly effective in obese patients with diabetes mellitus of moderate severity. The best results were obtained in complex treatment with biguanides of prolonged action together with sulfonylurea preparations of the second generation. There were noted almost no toxic reactions from the use of biguanides up to 2 tablets a day.
Subject(s)
Biguanides/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Biguanides/administration & dosage , Biguanides/adverse effects , Drug Therapy, Combination , Dyspepsia/chemically induced , Humans , Middle Aged , Obesity , Sulfonylurea Compounds/administration & dosageSubject(s)
Pregnancy in Diabetics/diagnosis , Chorionic Gonadotropin/metabolism , Female , Follicle Stimulating Hormone/metabolism , Glucose Tolerance Test , Growth Hormone/metabolism , Humans , Insulin/metabolism , Ovary/metabolism , Parity , Placenta/metabolism , Placental Lactogen/metabolism , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/prevention & control , Thyroid Gland/metabolismABSTRACT
The authors present the results of study of 582 women with the use of glucose tolerance test. Disturbances of this tolerance were revealed in 11.3% of cases, and latent and manifest diabetes--in 4%. The detected disturbances of carbohydrate metabolism were independent of the periods of pregnancy and parity. They were much greater in the older women with normal weight. The authors consider prophylactic dietetic measures to be expedient in women with disturbed glucose tolerance.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Metabolic Diseases , Pregnancy Complications , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Prediabetic State , Pregnancy , Pregnancy in Diabetics/diagnosisABSTRACT
The authors present the results of treatment of the patients with diabetes mellitus with hypoglycaemic preparations (sulphonylurea preparations of the second generation): glibenclamide, glibornuride and glydiazinamide. The following preparations were used: glibenclamide of Soviet make, maninil, daonyl, euglucon-5, euglucon, glutryl, glydiazinamide, glipizid. The treatment was carried out in 298 patients. The hypoglycaemic action of the active substances contained in one tablet of each of the preparation was approximately the same. Preparations of the second generation proved to be highly effective without any side-effects which required suspension of the treatment. The best results were obtained in complex therapy with the preparations of the second generation and with biguanides of prolonged action.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Sulfonylurea Compounds/therapeutic use , Adult , Biguanides/therapeutic use , Drug Therapy, Combination , Female , Humans , Insulin/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Sulfonylurea Compounds/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/mortality , Age Factors , Blood Glucose/analysis , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Diabetes Complications , Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/history , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/mortality , Diabetic Angiopathies/mortality , Diabetic Coma/mortality , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Insulin/therapeutic use , Longevity , Male , Nitrogen/analysis , Osmolar Concentration , Phenformin/therapeutic use , Tolbutamide/therapeutic use , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/complicationsABSTRACT
The authors elaborated the main principles of diet therapy in diabetics with adipostiy: their weight was normalized with the aid of a low caloric diet with limited amount of carbohydrates and fats, but with the normal protein content. Two groups should be distinguished among the adipose patients: those without diabetic ketoaoidosis in the anamnesis or during the observation period; their diet differed by the extent of limiting of carbohydrates. As a result of the treatment carbohydrate metabolism was compensated with normalization of the glycemic curve; a tendency to normalization of lipid metabolism was noted; immunoreactive properties of the organism were increased.
