[Causes, consequences and overcoming ways of stigmatization of patients with substance abuse disorders]. / Prichiny, posledstviia i sposoby preodoleniia stigmatizatsii bol'nykh s narkologicheskimi rasstroistvami.

Stigmatization of people with drug and alcohol use disorders, its types and main causes of stigmatization have been analyzed. Main symptoms, types and consequences of stigmatization as for people with drug and alcohol abuse as well for society in whole have been described. Based on the complex of traits studied, the key causes and factors of stigma were analyzed and the variants of destigmatization of patients were suggested.

[Differential approaches to the treatment of acute psychosis due to the use of synthetic cannabinoids]. / Differentsirovannyi podkhod k terapii ostrogo psikhoza vsledstvie upotrebleniia sinteticheskikh kannabinoidov.

Based on the study of 43 patients with acute psychosis due to the use of synthetic cannabinoids, the authors showed that the inclusion of neuroleptic drugs in the complex therapy increases the efficacy of therapy. In choosing a neuroleptic it is important to take into account not only the psychopathological structure of psychosis, but also the severity of somatic and neurological disorders associated with psychosis.

[Forced medical care for convicts with drug addiction].

An analysis of the dynamics of unlawful activity of alcohol and drug addicts is carried out. All forms of treatment of drug addictions, either voluntary or forced, are considered as relevant to the prevention of repeated unlawful activity of convicts with drug addiction. Principles and basic criteria for the assignment of forced treatment of alcoholism and drug addiction to convicts are presented.

[Typology and systematization of residual mental disorders in alcohol dependence].

The study of 85 patients with alcohol dependence appointed to forensic psychiatric expertise in the Serbsky research center of social and forensic psychiatry revealed the manifestation of polymorphic psychiatric and behavioral disorders (ICD-10 diagnosis F10.7--residual and late-onset psychotic disorders) after stopping the intoxication, withdrawal and post-withdralwal disorders. Taking into account the multifactor etiology of psychiatric disorders which are observed after ending of the direct effect of alcohol, a possibility of including other ICD-10 items to extend their diagnostics and thus provide the more accurate clinical verification of these states, is discussed.

[Indicators of prostaglandin synthase activity in thrombocytes of patients with schizophrenia with positive and negative disorders]. / Pokazateli aktivnosti prostaglandin-sintetazy trombotsitov u bol'nykh shizofreniei s pozitivnymi i negativnymi rasstroistvami.

A study was made of the activity of prostaglandin-synthetase in isolated platelets from the 2 groups of schizophrenic patients: with the predominance of positive (group I) and negative (group II) disorders. It has been demonstrated that the activity of prostaglandin-synthetase in isolated platelets from patients with hallucinatory delirium++ disorders is considerably higher (p less than 0.01) than the activity of prostaglandin-synthetase in isolated platelets from patients with the predominance of negative symptoms. The data obtained once more raise a question of the ++patho-chemical heterogeneity of schizophrenia, which also pertains to prostaglandins. The authors discuss a possibility of the relationship in schizophrenic patients between the regulatory system of prostaglandin synthesis and the central hypothalamohypophyseal mechanism by which homeostasis is regulated.

[Dynamics of the indices of lipid peroxidation in the blood and radiosensitive organs of rats exposed to total and local x-irradiation]. / Dinamika pokazatelei perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov v krovi i radiochuvstvitel'nykh organakh krys pri total'nom i lokal'nom rentgenovskom vozdeistvii.

There are variations in the radiation response of lipid peroxidation (LPO) indices. The initial rise of spontaneous chemiluminescence (SCL) immediately after whole-body irradiation (8 Gy) is followed by its rapid drop below the initial level. A considerable increase of the LPO level in the blood, spleen and thymus occurs 24 hr or 2 days after irradiation. The decrease on day 7 is followed by the increase on day 14. The periods of LPO inhibition (15 to 60 min and 7 days after irradiation) correspond to two waves of the hypersecretion of catecholamines and glucocorticoids that have antioxidant activity. With local irradiation of rat skin (a single exposure to 50 Gy) the SCL and malondialdehyde intensity peaks in blood serum are the same as those observed after whole-body irradiation, whereas in the spleen and thymus, these indices regularly decrease. There are peculiarities in the dynamics of triboluminescence in rat blood and organs that is attributed, in addition to LPO, to the effect of radiation on the electric parameters of tissues.

[Immunochemical study of the type-specific polysaccharides of pneumococcus]. / Immunokhimicheskoe izuchenie tipospetsificheskikh polisakharidov penvmokokka.

Polysaccharide-containing preparations obtained from pneumococci, serovars 3, 6B, 9N, V and 23F, were studied by the methods of immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). The tests were carried out with the use of rabbit antisera to formol vaccines prepared from serovars 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 14, 18, and 23. The highly purified preparations of each of these serovars were shown to possess strict serological specificity. The results of RIE and chemical analysis permitted the selection of the preparations which served as reference antigens for 5 above-mentioned pneumococcal serovars. The calibrating curves plotted with the use of the reference antigens helped calculate the relative quantitative content of specific polysaccharide in preparations of different batches. The antigenic preparations were shown to differ in the content of specific polysaccharide and the degree of their purification. The authors recommend that double immunodiffusion and RIE should be used in combination in the study of the serological specificity of pneumococcal polysaccharide-containing preparations. The latter may be used as a rapid method for the standardization of the above-mentioned pneumococcal preparations and their mixtures. To achieve greater objectivity in the analysis of the mixtures, the use of sectional RIE, a variant of RIE proposed by the authors, is probably expedient. The present work also shows the possibility of using RIE for evaluating the level of the accumulation of specific polysaccharide during the cultivation of pneumococci in a liquid culture medium.

[Biochemical characteristics of pneumococcal reference strains]. / Biokhimicheskaia kharakteristika étalonnykh shtammov pnevmokokka.

The results of the study of the enzymatic properties of pneumococcal collection strains belonging to 83 K-types, their sensitivity to optochine and their facility of lysis under the action of bile indicate that the strains in the collection belong to the species Str. pneumoniae, which makes this collection suitable for obtaining diagnostic preparations, as well as for other microbiological, immunological and genetic studies.