ABSTRACT
More than in 10% of breast cancer patients distant metastases are detected at diagnosis. The results of treatment of 191 patients are presented. Removal of the primary tumor in case of newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer (oligometastatic) increases the mean duration of life from 26 months up to 38 months (p < 0.01). 3-year overall survival increases from 49% to 71% (p = 0.001), and a 5-year survival-from 18% to 47% (p = 0.001). 9% of patients with metastatic breast cancer who underwent mastectomy live 10 years and more. The relative risk of death in the presence of distant metastases after resection of primary tumor, on average decreases by 34%. By means of multivariable analysis the best results after mastectomy were obtained in the localization of distant metastases in the bones and soft tissues, high expression of steroid hormone receptors, the absence of overexpression of HER2/neu, luminal A type, positive response to preoperative systemic therapy and attaining free surgical margins.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Mastectomy/methods , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control , Adult , Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Humans , Mastectomy, Segmental , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Neoadjuvant Therapy/methods , Risk Factors , Survival Analysis , Survival RateSubject(s)
Bone Neoplasms/surgery , Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Liver Neoplasms/surgery , Lung Neoplasms/surgery , Bone Neoplasms/secondary , Bone Neoplasms/therapy , Brain Neoplasms/secondary , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Liver Neoplasms/secondary , Liver Neoplasms/therapy , Lung Neoplasms/secondary , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Mastectomy/methodsABSTRACT
Fifty-one patients with decaying breast cancer without signs of distant metastasis were operated on at the Academy's Clinic (September 2004 - December 2009). According to the 3-year follow-up, 18 out of 27 (62.5%) survived for 3 years and longer.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery , Mastectomy , Adult , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/mortality , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Incidence , Lymphatic Metastasis , Mastectomy/methods , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/diagnosis , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Predictive Value of Tests , Prognosis , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Retrospective Studies , Russia/epidemiology , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Data about ongoing researches in order to increase efficacy and immunogenicity of licensed hepatitis B vaccines and to develop new therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B treatment are reviewed.
Subject(s)
Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B/therapy , Vaccination/methods , Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/immunology , Adult , Animals , Chronic Disease/therapy , Genetic Vectors , Humans , Infant , Lipoproteins/immunology , Lipoproteins/therapeutic use , Salmonella/genetics , Salmonella/metabolism , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , Viral Hepatitis Vaccines/therapeutic use , Viral Proteins/biosynthesis , Viral Proteins/geneticsABSTRACT
The recombinant strain of Salmonella typhimurium SL7207/pBMC-env, carrying a plasmid containing the gene of protein HIV-1 gp-160, was obtained under the monitoring by CMV-promoter. The above strain was used in the rectal and oral immunization of BALB/c mice. HIV-specific antibodies were detected in serum after a one-time immunization; such antibodies were able to inhibit the viral replication in vitro. Furthermore, the shaping-up of the specific cytotoxic and of proliferative responses was registered. Finally, the rectal immunization by cells of the Salmonella recombinant strain can be regarded as a promising delivery system of DNA-vaccine (pBMC-env), and it is more effective versus the oral immunization variant.
Subject(s)
AIDS Vaccines/immunology , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/immunology , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV-1 , Vaccines, DNA/immunology , AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage , AIDS Vaccines/genetics , Administration, Oral , Administration, Rectal , Animals , Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic , Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage , HIV Antibodies/blood , HIV Envelope Protein gp120/genetics , HIV Infections/blood , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Lymphocyte Activation , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Vaccines, DNA/administration & dosage , Vaccines, DNA/geneticsABSTRACT
A recombinant strain producing TBI protein (artificial protein containing HIV-1 B and T cell epitopes) was constructed on the base of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 strain and BALB/c mice were immunized with this strain in a dose of 10(9) live cells orally or rectally. A single immunization with the recombinant salmonella strain induced humoral and cellular immune response to HIV-1; hence, this strain is a promising candidate for vaccine against HIV.
Subject(s)
AIDS Vaccines/immunology , Genes, Synthetic , HIV-1/immunology , Proteins/immunology , Salmonella typhimurium/immunology , AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage , AIDS Vaccines/biosynthesis , Administration, Oral , Administration, Rectal , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Antibody Formation , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Immunity, Cellular , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Protein Biosynthesis , Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis , Recombination, Genetic , Salmonella typhimurium/genetics , Spleen/immunology , Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Synthetic/biosynthesis , Vaccines, Synthetic/immunologyABSTRACT
A phase peptide library was screened with virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MCA) 2F5 which recognize a conserved epitope of HIV-1 gp41. Phages that expose peptides specifically binding with MCA 2F5 were selected by ELISA. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed a homology to region 662-671 of HIV-1 HB10 gp160 for most peptides. The major role in recognition was ascribed to Asp-664, Lys-665, and Trp-666. The epitope-mimicking peptides were tested for immunogenicity. Antibodies to gp41 were detected in serum of immunized rabbits.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology , Epitopes/chemistry , HIV Envelope Protein gp41/chemistry , HIV-1/immunology , Molecular Mimicry , Peptides/chemistry , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Antibodies, Monoclonal/blood , Base Sequence , DNA Primers , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HIV Envelope Protein gp41/immunology , Molecular Sequence Data , Neutralization Tests , Rabbits , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidSubject(s)
DNA/physiology , Immunity , RNA/physiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Genes, MHC Class II , Hypersensitivity, Delayed/immunology , Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics , Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics , Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains/genetics , Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains/genetics , Immunoglobulins/genetics , Lymphocytes/immunology , Macrophages/immunology , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Protein Biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/physiology , Rabbits , Transfer Factor/physiologyABSTRACT
Partially purified ceruloplasmin mRNA was isolated using indirect immunoprecipitation of rat liver polysomes and poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography of polysomal RNA. This RNA programmed the synthesis of ceruloplasmin polypeptides in a cell-free system from mitochondria. Immunochemical analysis of the translation products revealed a 40-fold enrichment of the ceruloplasmin mRNA activity. The purified ceruloplasmin mRNA migrated as a major homogeneous component with an apparent molecular weight about 1 X 10(6) daltons in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The immunoprecipitated products of the cell-free translation had molecular weights in the range 4.5--5.4 X 10(4) daltons as estimated by gel-electrophoresis under denaturating conditions. These values approach the weight of the half-molecule of native ceruloplasmin.
Subject(s)
Ceruloplasmin/biosynthesis , Liver/metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Animals , Antigen-Antibody Reactions , Poly A/analysis , Polyribosomes/immunology , Polyribosomes/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , RatsABSTRACT
Rat liver mitochondrial polyribosomes were isolated free from cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein contaminations in a number of criteria (sedimentation and buoyant density patterns, ribosomal RNA composition). Heterogeneous poly A containing RNA from mitochondrial polysomes was purified by two-stage cellulose chromatography. This RNA was in vitro labelled with 125I up to specific activity approximately 10(6)-10(7) cts.min-1.microng-1 and used for hybridization experiments with separate complementary strands of mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA fragments. The proportions of mitochondrial poly A containing RNA that is complementary to heavy and light strands of mtDNA were respectively 31.5% and 8.3%. Besides, a significant RNA fraction was complementary to unique sequences of nuclear DNA (2-3 copies per haploid genome). The hybrids that were formed possessed a high Tm indicative of a perfect base pairing. A dual intracellular origin of mitochondrial messenger RNA is discussed.
Subject(s)
Mitochondria, Liver/metabolism , Polyribosomes/metabolism , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Animals , Cell Fractionation , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , DNA/metabolism , Liver/metabolism , Male , Molecular Weight , Nucleic Acid Denaturation , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Nucleic Acid Renaturation , Poly A/metabolism , Polyribosomes/ultrastructure , RNA, Ribosomal/metabolism , Rats , Spectrophotometry, UltravioletABSTRACT
A ribonucleoprotein was released from carefully purified rat liver mitochondrial polyribosomes after dissociation with 1 M potassium chloridepuromycin. This ribonucleoprotein was characterized by a sedimentation coefficient ranging from 10-14 S and buoyant density of 1.48 g cm(-3) in cesium chloride equilibrium centrifugation differing in these parameters from the subunits of mitochondrial ribosomes. Poly(A)-containing RNA constituted more than 30% of the total RNA content in this non-ribosomal ribonucleoprotein.
