[Lege artis eye coverage performed during gynecological/urological laser surgery. Results of a survey of nursing experts]. / Lege artis durchgeführte Augenabdeckung während einer gynäkologischen/urologischen Laseroperation. Ergebnisse einer PflegeexpertInnenbefragung.

BACKGROUND: Intraoperative eye protection is generally important during surgery in patients under general anesthesia. There are, however, challenges that arise when a laser is used intraoperatively. In gynecological and urological diseases lasers are increasingly being used for treatment but a lege artis eye cover or protection has not yet been investigated in the international literature. OBJECTIVE: According to nursing experts, how is a lege artis eye coverage performed during gynecological and urological laser surgery? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In order to answer the research question, standardized expert interviews were carried out via telephone, direct face to face interviews and e­mails with experts from specialized clinics in Austria. The results of a nonsystematic literature search formed the basis for the interview guidelines. RESULTS: In this study 11 experts agreed to participate in a qualitative survey. The result of the interviews recommended the use of skin-friendly plasters in combination with a vitamin D eye ointment, special plasters/covers and/or laser safety goggles with a vitamin D eye ointment and NaCl dressings. In addition to the direct protection of the eye, a periodic intraoperative eyelid closure check must be performed. CONCLUSION: The findings from the expert interviews are to be understood as practice recommendations. Further research is needed in the future.

[Effect of various sources of phosphorus on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients, growing and slaughtering performance as well as selected parameters of metabolism in fattening bulls]. / Einfluss unterschiedlicher Phosphorgaben auf die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit der Rohnährstoffe, Mast- und Schlachtleistung sowie ausgewählte Stoffwechselparameter von Jungmastbullen.

Two long-term individual feeding experiments (336 and 307 days) were carried out with 52 (experiment I; Black and White dairy cattle) and 22 (experiment II; Yellow cattle) growing bulls. Rations varied in P-content. In experiment I straw: concentrate-mixture (1:2.5) were fed, phosphorus content of rations amounted to 2, 3 or 4 g/kg DM. In experiment II maize silage was fed ad lib. supplemented with 2.4 kg concentrate per animal per day. P-content of rations amounted to 3 and 4 g/kg DM. Apparent digestibility of rations was determined during experiments. Blood samples were taken to analyse selected parameters of metabolism. Various P-supply did not significantly influence apparent digestibility of organic matter and crude nutrients in both experiments. Bulls fed 2 g P/kg DM decreased DMI in experiment I already after 50 days of experiment. After 168 experimental days daily weight gain of bulls fed with 2 g P/kg DM was 124 or 132 g lower than that of bulls fed with 3 or 4 g P/kg DM respectively. P-concentration of inorganic P in serum decreased to < 2 mmol/l, bone mineralisation was reduced. There exist no significant differences in feed intake, weight gain and metabolic parameters of bulls fed with 3 or 4 g P/kg DM. Increase of P-supply from 2 to 3 or 4 g/kg DM compensated partially the lower weight gain. Application of 3 or 4 g P/kg DM in experiment II effected daily weight gains of > 1200 g and did not significantly influence all investigated criterions.

[Influence of the ration content on the fecal phosphorus excretion of growing bulls varying in body weight]. / Einfluss der Rationsgestaltung auf die faecale Phosphorausscheidung bei unterschiedlich schweren Mastbullen.

Five smaller (body weight: 227.9 +/- 23.7 kg) and large growing bulls (435.2 +/- 14.3 kg per animal) each were fed with rations rich (chopped wheat straw:concentrate = 1:1) or poor in roughage (straw: concentrate = 1:4). Animals were kept in balance cages; 20 days adaptation period were followed by 10 days collection period. Body weight of bulls did not significantly influence apparent digestibility of rations. digestibility of organic matter of fibre rich ration was significantly lower (66.8%) than those of concentrate rich ration (74.4%). Feeding and body weight did not significantly influence metabolic parameters of mineral status. The fecal P-excretion amounted to 0.94 and 1.08 g per kg DMI in bulls fed with rations rich and poor in roughage. No influence of body weight was measured. Feeding and body weight did not significantly influence fecal P-excretion per kg DOMI (between 1.44 and 1.58 g P/kg DOM). For calculation of P-requirements for growing cattle fecal P-excretion amounted to 1.0 or 1.5 g P/kg DM and DOMI, respectively.