ABSTRACT
Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats show endogenous depressive behavior that can be reversed by antidepressants. Given that WKYs exhibit decreased sensitivity to some antidepressants and treatment-resistant depressed patients often show hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) dysregulation, we examined the behavioral and HPT hormonal responses of WKYs to altered thyroid status. "Euthyroid" WKYs had elevated basal plasma TSH and T(3) levels as compared to Wistars. Hypothyroidism increased TSH levels more in WKYs than in Wistars and increased response latency in the open field test (OFT) of WKYs only. Administration of T(4) and T(3) suppressed plasma TSH equally in both strains. Wistars responded to increased T(3) levels with decreased response latency and increased activity in the OFT, but increased immobility in the forced swim test. In contrast, WKYs responded only to the high T(3) levels with decreased response latency in the OFT. These results suggest the existence of a decreased central nervous system sensitivity to thyroid hormones in WKYs that could be related to their depressive behavior.
Subject(s)
Depression/blood , Hyperthyroidism/metabolism , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism , Hypothyroidism/metabolism , Rats, Inbred WKY/metabolism , Thyroid Gland/metabolism , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Depression/drug therapy , Depression/physiopathology , Hormones/metabolism , Hyperthyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Male , Rats , Reaction Time/physiology , Swimming/physiology , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology , Thyrotropin/blood , Thyroxine/blood , Triiodothyronine/bloodABSTRACT
Recent findings with respect to the role of spiral gram-negative bacteria in peptic ulcer disease have stimulated interest in discerning the role of these agents in stress ulcer disease. We tested the hypothesis that a standard restraint-cold ulcerogenic procedure would fail to produce ulcers in axenic rats. Axenic, as well as normal Sprague Dawley rats, were exposed to a cold-restraint procedure. The germ-free condition was maintained throughout the study in the axenic rats. Axenic rats had significantly fewer ulcers as compared to normal rats exposed to the standard cold-restraint procedure, as well as handling control rats. The data represent the first report suggesting a microbiologic component in the development of stress ulcer using the rat model.
