Subject(s)
Achievement , Child Advocacy/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Proxy/psychology , Psychology, Adolescent , Sports/psychology , Child , Child Abuse/prevention & control , Family/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Primary Prevention , Social Support , Stress, Psychological/prevention & controlABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To critically review the research and reports on consultation-liaison psychiatry in the past 10 years. METHOD: Articles contributing to the conceptualization of child psychiatric consultation in medical, epidemiological, and nonmedical domains were reviewed. RESULTS: Information was organized into methodology and treatment outcome categories. Nonmedical consultation articles were briefly reviewed. Articles reporting therapeutic techniques in consultation-liaison work and outcome studies are described. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of constraints imposed by managed care upon referral to specialists, the current epoch finds child psychiatrists both better equipped and more compelled to use their skills in innovative ways to help children in different domains.
Subject(s)
Child Psychiatry/trends , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Referral and Consultation/trends , Child , Humans , Research DesignABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To critically review clinical reports on pediatric consultation-liaison psychiatry over the past 10 years. METHOD: Articles contributing to the understanding of child psychiatric consultation in medical settings were reviewed. RESULTS: Information related to clinical issues was organized into categorical (disease-oriented), noncategorical, and family studies. Newer articles on ethical considerations in caring for medically ill children are summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Research has continued to focus on and reflect the importance of the emotional and behavioral needs of children in pediatric settings and the adaptation and stress within families who care for chronically ill children. Given the increased complexity and demands of medical care, the training and skills of a child psychiatrist in pediatric consultation remain a valuable component of comprehensive care for children.
Subject(s)
Child Psychiatry/methods , Pediatrics/methods , Referral and Consultation , Child , HumansABSTRACT
This article, with examples of the descriptively defined three stages of achievement by proxy distorted (ABPD) behavior, should increase awareness of this field by facilitating communication, enabling child psychiatrists and other professionals to identify the "red flags" that can lead to abuse and exploitation of children and adolescents, and further contributing toward psychoeducation of self-help skills in parents and other adults with the goal of understanding motivations for ABPD behaviors and risky rationalizations, in addition to creating prevention strategies.
Subject(s)
Achievement , Child Abuse/psychology , Mental Disorders/psychology , Parent-Child Relations , Sports/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Gymnastics/psychology , Humans , Male , Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy/psychologyABSTRACT
Current knowledge about early plasticity and children's responsiveness to environmental modifications as well as the atheoretical nature of current nosological systems necessitate alternative models to explain the phenomena of childhood behavioral and emotional disturbances. Evolutionary biology provides one such framework. It organizes data from the behavioral and cognitive sciences and parallels similar efforts in other areas of medicine and biology. Through an evolutionary biological lens, some mental disorders are better viewed as an adaptive response to early pathogenic environments and/or reflect the optimization of brain function to some environments at the cost of poorer response to the demands of other environments. As an example, the authors examine attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in relation to evolutionary theories of psychology and biology and clarify the potentially adaptive nature of characteristics of inattention, impulsivity, and motoric hyperactivity, depending on the nature of child's environments. Reframing ADHD characteristics according to evolutionary theory has important treatment implications for clinicians and offers researchers opportunities for novel scientific discoveries.
