ABSTRACT
AIM: Analysis of manifestation of epidemic process of aseptic meningitis and causes of its activation using molecular genetic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of feces and CSF, nasopharyngeal swabs from 296 patients with aseptic meningitis (AM), as well as 240 samples of drinking water and 6 samples of lake water were studied. Epidemiologic analysis, isolation of enteroviruses in Hep-2 and RD cell cultures, RT-PCR, partial sequencing of 5'NTR and genome region coding VP1 were performed. RESULTS: Marked rise of AM caused by enteroviruses in Nizhny Novgorod during 2001 - 2007 was demonstrated. From August to October 2007, enteroviruses were detected in 93.8% of patients with AM (22.5 per thousand). Seasonal rise of incidence was determined by 9 serotypes of enteroviruses: E30 - 26 cases (53.1%), E7 - 7 (14.3%), E18 - 5 (10.3%), E13 - 3 (6.1%), E9 - 2 (4.0%), CB5 - 3 (6.1%),CA1 - 1 (2.0%), CA9 - 1 (2.0%), CA13 - 1 (2.0%). Serotype E30, represented by two subtypes, dominated. Dominating subtype E30-N1 was closely related with E30 strains isolated in 1994 - 2001 in Europe. Subtype E30-N2 was genetically related with Asian strains isolated in 2000 - 2006. RNA of E7, E9, E13, E18, CB5 viruses and dominating subtype E30-N1 were detected in nasopharyngeal swabs from patients with AM, which can explain rapid and wide spread of these viruses in susceptible population by aspiration route of transmission. CONCLUSION: Increased incidence of AM in Nizhny Novgorod in 2007 was caused by variant of E30 virus, which was genetically related with strains isolated in European countries in 1997.
Subject(s)
Enterovirus/classification , Meningitis, Aseptic/epidemiology , Meningitis, Aseptic/virology , Enterovirus/genetics , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Genome, Viral , Humans , Molecular Epidemiology , Molecular Sequence Data , Nasopharynx/virology , Russia/epidemiology , SeasonsABSTRACT
AIM: To assess immunization coverage against poliomyelitis and level of immunity postvaccination in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and rheumatic diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Vaccination status of 299 children with DM1 and 136 children with rheumatic diseases was determined. Serologic test using neutralization reaction was performed in 31 children with DM1 and 29 children with rheumatic diseases. Three hundred and eighty healthy children aged 3-14 years were included in the control group. All children previously received oral poliovirus vaccine. RESULTS: During postimmunization period decompensations of main disease in children with DM1 and rheumatic diseases were not observed. There were no seronegative children to all poliovirus types revealed. Proportion of children with DM1 and rheumatic diseases seronegative to two serotypes was 12.9% and 13.8% respectively. Proportion of children with DM1 seropositive to all 3 serotypes was 54.8% that is lower than in general population (p<0.01), whereas in children with rheumatic diseases this proportion was 75.8%. In children with DM1 real proportion of immune subjects was normal--94.9% and 82.0% for pqliovirus types 1 and 2 respectively, whereas the same proportion for poliovirus type 3 was 49.7%. In children with rheumatic diseases real proportion of immune subjects was normal for poliovirus types 1 and 2, and was 72.4% for poliovirus type 3. CONCLUSION: Algorithms of examination of patientswith DM1 and rheumatic diseases, which allow to purposefully perform serologic evaluation as well as recommendations about additional immunization against poliomyelitis, were developed.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Mass Vaccination , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/administration & dosage , Poliovirus/immunology , Rheumatic Diseases/immunology , Adolescent , Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Poliomyelitis/bloodABSTRACT
41 children with chronic renal diseases (with different forms of chronic glomerulonephritis or chronic renal failure) previously vaccinated with 5 to 9 doses of oral poliovaccine (OPV) were examined. Analysis of immunity to polioviruses revealed insufficient serologic protection against all three types of polioviruses compared with general population. Algorithm of yearly serologic examination as well as a schedule of additional vaccination against poliomyelitis depending on chronic renal pathology were developed.
Subject(s)
Glomerulonephritis/immunology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/immunology , Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral/immunology , Vaccination , Adolescent , Algorithms , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Glomerulonephritis/blood , Humans , Immunization, Secondary , Kidney Failure, Chronic/blood , Neutralization Tests , Poliovirus/immunology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A method is suggested for the detection of the human rotavirus VP4 gene by RT-PCR. The method is universal for all [P] types of group A rotavirus in clinical samples. As against RNA electrophoresis and ELISA, it provides for a more accurate detection of rotaviruses by 18.8 and 26.5%, respectively. It was established by RT-PCR in February, 2002, in Nizhny Novgorod, that rotaviruses were responsible for 67% of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children.
Subject(s)
Capsid Proteins/genetics , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus/isolation & purification , Capsid Proteins/analysis , Child , DNA Primers , Diagnosis, Differential , Gastroenteritis/virology , Genome, Viral , Humans , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Rotavirus/genetics , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
The RT-PCR assay for the detection of all human enteroviruses was used to analyze fecal samples, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respiratory tract swabs, and sera from 204 patients with symptoms of viral infection. Enteroviruses were detected in 31.37% of cases. The proposed method analyzes every type of clinical samples. The relative detection rate of enteroviruses in different samples was 70.64% in feces, 10.4% in SCF, 17.24% in swabs, and 21.14% in the sera. The use of serum in addition to other testing samples increased the rate of enterovirus detection at 18.25%. Developing techniques may be used for the diagnosis of acute enterovirus infections with different clinical manifestations.
