ABSTRACT
Magnets are among the most dangerous foreign objects that a child can ingest. If more than one magnet is ingested, the attraction between loops of the bowel can bring adjacent loops closer together, leading to perforation, obstruction, or fistulization. Pediatric magnet ingestion patients often require endoscopic or surgical intervention to retrieve the objects and repair the damage created by the magnets. Due to the risks of surgical intervention, management is done with strict adherence to the rare earth magnet ingestion algorithm. We highlighted a pediatric case of multiple magnet ingestion, and the steps that were taken to manage the patient. Our case highlights the potential for complications and the importance of adherence to the management algorithm in these patients. Epidemiology, mechanisms, algorithms, and outcomes for pediatric magnet ingestion patients were discussed.
ABSTRACT
Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are a classic pathology seen in patients with neurofibromatosis I (NF-1); however, they are frequently seen as sporadic masses in patients with mutations activating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. These sporadic tumors present rapidly with vision deficits, compared to those in neurofibromatosis I, which may be found incidentally. They can involve multiple aspects of the optic pathway and have classic imaging findings that make definitive diagnosis possible with magnetic resonance imaging. This case highlights a six-month-old boy who had an acute history of nystagmus and severe milestone regression, who was diagnosed with bilateral optic pathway gliomas. This case describes the associated imaging findings in addition to a discussion of management and overall prognosis of sporadic compared to NF-1-associated optic pathway gliomas.
