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1.
Epidemiol Infect ; 141(4): 805-15, 2013 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22800659

ABSTRACT

We used data from BioSense, a national electronic surveillance system, to describe pneumonia in hospitalized patients with influenza-like illness (ILI). Ninety-five hospitals from 20 states reported ICD-9-CM-coded inpatient final diagnosis data during the study period of September 2007 to February 2010. We compared the characteristics of persons with and without pneumonia among those with ILI-related hospitalizations. BioSense captured 26 987 ILI-related inpatient hospitalizations; 8979 (33%) had a diagnosis of pneumonia. Analysis of trends showed highest counts of pneumonia during the 2007-2008 season and the second 2009 pandemic wave. Pneumonia was more common with increasing age. Microbiology and pharmacy data were available for a subset of patients; 107 (5%) with pneumonia had a bloodstream infection and 17% of patients were prescribed antiviral treatment. Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of electronic healthcare data to track trends in ILI and pneumonia, identify risk factors for disease, identify bacteraemia in patients with pneumonia, and monitor antiviral use.


Subject(s)
Electronic Health Records , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Inpatients/statistics & numerical data , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Population Surveillance/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Infant , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Pneumonia/drug therapy , United States/epidemiology
2.
Epidemiol Infect ; 140(12): 2210-22, 2012 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22313858

ABSTRACT

A pandemic H1N1 infection wave in the USA occurred during spring 2009. Some hypothesized that for regions affected by the spring wave, an autumn outbreak would be less likely or delayed compared to unaffected regions because of herd immunity. We investigated this hypothesis using the Outpatient Influenza-like Illness (ILI) Network, a collaboration among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, health departments, and care providers. We evaluated the likelihood of high early autumn incidence given high spring incidence in core-based statistical areas (CBSAs). Using a surrogate incidence measure based on influenza-related illness ratios, we calculated the odds of high early autumn incidence given high spring incidence. CBSAs with high spring ILI ratios proved more likely than unaffected CBSAs to have high early autumn ratios, suggesting that elevated spring illness did not protect against early autumn increases. These novel methods are applicable to planning and studies involving other infectious diseases.


Subject(s)
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Seasons , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Confidence Intervals , Humans , Immunity, Herd , Incidence , Infant , Influenza, Human/immunology , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , United States/epidemiology , Young Adult
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