ABSTRACT
Ligands for the NKG2D stimulatory receptor are frequently upregulated on tumor lines, rendering them sensitive to natural killer (NK) cells, but the role of NKG2D in tumor surveillance has not been addressed in spontaneous cancer models. Here, we provided the first characterization of NKG2D-deficient mice, including evidence that NKG2D was not necessary for NK cell development but was critical for immunosurveillance of epithelial and lymphoid malignancies in two transgenic models of de novo tumorigenesis. In both models, we detected NKG2D ligands on the tumor cell surface ex vivo, providing needed evidence for ligand expression by primary tumors. In a prostate cancer model, aggressive tumors arising in NKG2D-deficient mice expressed higher amounts of NKG2D ligands than did similar tumors in wild-type mice, suggesting an NKG2D-dependent immunoediting of tumors in this model. These findings provide important genetic evidence for surveillance of primary tumors by an NK receptor.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/immunology , Fibrosarcoma/immunology , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/immunology , Immunologic Surveillance , Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology , Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency , Receptors, Immunologic/genetics , Adenocarcinoma/genetics , Animals , Benz(a)Anthracenes/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Female , Fibrosarcoma/chemically induced , Fibrosarcoma/genetics , Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics , Immunologic Surveillance/genetics , Lymphoma, B-Cell/genetics , Male , Methylcholanthrene , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Mice, Transgenic , NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Receptors, Immunologic/physiology , Receptors, Natural Killer CellABSTRACT
Werner syndrome (WS) is an autosomal recessive progeroid syndrome caused by mutations in the Werner (Wrn) gene. WS patients have increased incidence of a number of chronic conditions including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Since ingestion of foods that are high in fat and sugar is associated with increased incidence of diabetes, we examined if Wrn mutations might affect metabolic response to a diabetogenic diet. Four-month-old mice with a null mutation for the Wrn gene were fed a diet consisting of 36% fat (lard), 33% table sugar, and 20% protein plus balanced vitamins and minerals. Wrn null mice had significantly increased body weights, increased serum insulin levels, impaired glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance during 4 months of eating the diabetogenic diet. Diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver and pancreatic islet hyperplasia was characteristic morphological features. These observations suggest that Wrn null mice have impaired glucose homeostasis and fat metabolism, and may be a useful model to investigate metabolic conditions associated with aging.
