ABSTRACT
In male Drosophila, histone H4 acetylated at Lys16 is enriched on the X chromosome, and most X-linked genes are transcribed at a higher rate than in females (thus achieving dosage compensation). Five proteins, collectively called the MSLs, are required for dosage compensation and male viability. Here we show that one of these proteins, MSL1, interacts with three others, MSL2, MSL3 and MOF. The latter is a putative histone acetyl transferase. Overexpression of either the N- or C-terminal domain of MSL1 has dominant-negative effects, i.e. causes male-specific lethality. The lethality due to expression of the N-terminal domain is reduced if msl2 is co-overexpressed. MSL2 co-purifies over a FLAG affinity column with the tagged region of MSL1, and both MSL3 and MOF co-purify with the FLAG-tagged MSL1 C-terminal domain. Furthermore, the MSL1 C-terminal domain binds specifically to a GST-MOF fusion protein and co-immunoprecipitates with HA-tagged MSL3. The MSL1 C-terminal domain shows similarity to a region of mouse CBP, a transcription co-activator. We conclude that a main role of MSL1 is to serve as the backbone for assembly of the MSL complex.
Subject(s)
Dosage Compensation, Genetic , Drosophila Proteins , Drosophila melanogaster/genetics , Nuclear Proteins/physiology , Transcription Factors/physiology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Chromatography, Affinity , Coloring Agents , DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , Female , Heterozygote , Indoles , Male , Mice , Molecular Sequence Data , Nuclear Proteins/metabolism , Transcription Factors/metabolism , X Chromosome/metabolism , Zinc FingersABSTRACT
Internal medicine and medicine-pediatric residents (n = 76) completed a questionnaire that measured variables including sociodemographics, family dynamics, cross-cultural exposure, and exposure to intercultural medicine principles. Questions were answered regarding perceptions of their patients and level of comfort discussing specific cultural variables. Gender, training status, and geographic background did not influence responses, but the responses of European-Americans (71%) vs. ethnic minorities and foreign medical graduates (29%) were significantly different. European-Americans were more likely to be men, less likely to have an urban background (p = .02), and their self-described socioeconomic status was uppermiddle to upper class (p = .02). European-Americans vs. all others differed in their perceptions of patients' financial support (p = .001), and reasons for doctor-patient miscommunications (p = .05). The European-Americans had significantly less exposure to friends and classmates (p = .002), and instructors (p = .0001) of ethnic origins different than their own prior to residency training. Our data support the inclusion of intercultural medicine principles in the general internal medicine curriculum.
Subject(s)
Culture , Internal Medicine/education , Sociology/education , Curriculum , Foreign Medical Graduates , Internship and Residency , Minority Groups , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in elderly persons provides the clinician with the opportunity to determine blood pressure outside the office more accurately. Recent technologic developments in the recorders have greatly improved the feasibility of their use and the accuracy of their recordings. Correlations of the blood pressures obtained by ambulatory blood pressure recorders with standard mercury sphygmomanometers indicate that the measurements are accurate and may improve the assessment of risks related to hypertensive cardiovascular diseases. Clinicians should be aware of the applications of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and alert to situations in which it can be useful in clinical decision making.
Subject(s)
Blood Pressure Determination , Hypertension/diagnosis , Aged , Humans , Hypertension/therapy , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Total parenteral nutrition can maintain good nutritional status in selected patients. However, it can be accompanied by serious complications. It is generally agreed that enteral alimentation is more economical and safer. Gut should be used for nutritional replenishment whenever feasible. However, large-bore nasogastric feeding tubes can cause problems. Even fine-bore nasogastric tubes can cause aspiration pneumonia in obtunded and debilitated patients. In some patients it is clearly desirable to have the tip of the feeding tube in the distal duodenum or proximal jejunum. Previously described methods for placement of nasoenteral tubes may be unsatisfactory. We describe a safe, simple, and reliable method for endoscopic insertion of fine-bore nasoenteral feeding tube. We have used this method on 15 patients without complication.
