Influence of the washing program on the blood processing performance of a continuous autotransfusion device.

The continuous autotransfusion system has been widely used in surgical operations. It is known that if oil is added to blood, and this mixture is then processed by an autotransfusion device, the added oil is removed and reinfusion of fat is prevented by the device. However, there is no detailed report on the influence of the particular washing program selected on the levels of blood components including blood fat after continuous autotransfusion using such a system. Fresh bovine blood samples were processed by a commercial continuous autotransfusion device using the "emergency," "quality," and "high-quality" programs, applied in random order. Complete blood count (CBC) and serum chemistry were analyzed to determine how the blood processing performance of the device changes with the washing program applied. There was no significant difference in the CBC results obtained with the three washing programs. Although all of the blood lipids in the processed blood were decreased compared to those in the blood before processing, the levels of triglyceride, phospholipid, and total cholesterol after processing via the emergency program were significantly higher than those present after processing via the quality and high-quality programs. Although the continuous autotransfusion device provided consistent hematocrit quality, the levels of some blood lipid components showed significant differences among the washing programs.

Fabrication of anionic sulfate-functionalized nanoparticles as an immunosensor by protein immobilization.

Anionic sulfate (SO(4)(-))-functionalized polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles were prepared by the thermal decomposition of potassium persulfate (KPS) in the presence of sodium tetraborate via emulsion polymerization. The presence of a SO(4)(-) group at a solid/liquid interface of a particle surface was confirmed by a zeta potential value of -40.6 mV as well as the shifting of S 2p spectra toward a lower-binding-energy region around 162.7 eV (2p(3/2)) and 164.4 eV (2p(1/2)) in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The electrostatic attraction between positively charged antibodies of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and negatively charged particle surfaces was accomplished. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay results show binding structure between hIgG and antibodies of hIgG (anti-hIgG) with a gradual increase in particle diameter to 152.6 nm (bare), 170.2 nm (hIgG), and 178.9 nm (hIgG/anti-hIgG). Surface coverage densities of 331.4 ng/cm(2) (hIgG) and 320.3 ng/cm(2) (cTnI) and the binding capacity of hIgG to HyLite-750-labeled Fab-specific anti-hIgG (approximately 81.2%) indicate that the majority of hIgG was immobilized with a Y-shaped orientation. The sandwich immunoassay results provide the evidence that the immunological activity of cTnI on the PS nanoparticle surface was retained because the binding activity of the cTnI-PS nanoparticle/cTnI (antigen)/detection cTnI-antibody reaction showed a 5-fold higher activity than that of the cTnI-PS nanoparticle/human serum albumin (HSA)/detection cTnI antibody used as a negative control.