ABSTRACT
Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system and also plays a key role in the development of postnatal brains. We previously reported that nicotinamide, a SIRT1 inhibitor, regulates tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in vitro. To investigate the effect of nicotinamide-mediated TH regulation in vivo, nicotinamide was chronically injected into neonatal mice. Interestingly, nicotinamide-treated mice were smaller in size, and their locomotor activity was reduced. L-DOPA treatment caused hypersensitive locomotor activity that indicates a dopamine-depleted state. These changes seemed to be associated with dopamine metabolism in hypothalamus, since dopamine in hypothalamus was reduced but not in striatum. The present study suggests that the regulation of dopamine metabolism during the postnatal development is important and the underlying molecular mechanisms may be associated with SIRT1 signaling.
Subject(s)
Dopamine/metabolism , Hypothalamus/drug effects , Niacinamide/pharmacology , Sirtuins/antagonists & inhibitors , Acetylation , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Dopamine/deficiency , Dopamine Agents/pharmacology , Forkhead Box Protein O3 , Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Levodopa/pharmacology , Mice , Mice, Inbred ICR , Motor Activity/drug effects , Phenotype , Sirtuin 1 , Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/biosynthesisABSTRACT
To examine the function of SIRT1 in neuronal differentiation, we employed all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Nicotinamide inhibited neurite outgrowth and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression. Inhibition of PARP or histone deacetylase did not inhibit TH expression, showing the effect to be SIRT1 specific. Expression of FOXO3a and its target proteins were increased during the differentiation and reduced by nicotinamide. FOXO3a deacetylation was increased by ATRA and blocked by nicotinamide. SIRT1 and FOXO3a siRNA inhibited ATRA-induced up-regulation of TH and differentiation. Taken together, these results indicate that SIRT1 is involved in ATRA-induced differentiation of neuroblastoma cells via FOXO3a.
