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1.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 1183, 2024 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38331936

ABSTRACT

The last glacial period is characterized by abrupt climate oscillations, also known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) cycles. However, D-O cycles remain poorly documented in climate proxy records covering the penultimate glacial period. Here we present highly resolved and precisely dated speleothem time series from Sofular Cave in northern Türkiye to provide clear evidence for D-O cycles during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 as well as MIS 2-4. D-O cycles are most clearly expressed in the Sofular carbon isotope time series, which correlate inversely with regional sea surface temperature (SST) records from the Black Sea. The pacing of D-O cycles is almost twice as long during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, and could be related to a weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and a different mean climate during MIS 6 compared to MIS 2-4, leading most likely to a higher threshold for the occurrence of D-O cycles.

2.
Biotech Histochem ; 94(5): 334-340, 2019 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30712392

ABSTRACT

We investigated the hepatoprotective potential of Ferula communis extract for CCI4 induced liver damage. We used six groups of rats: group 1, untreated control; group 2, CCl4 treated (hepatotoxic); group 3, treated with 150 mg/kg F. communis; group 4, treated with 300 mg/kg F. communis; group 5, treated with CCl4 + 150 mg/kg F. communis; and group 6, treated with CCl4 + 300 mg/kg F. communis. Liver damage was produced by injection of 1 ml/kg CCI4 twice/week. Extracts of F. communis, 150 and 300 mg/kg/day, were administered for 8 weeks. The effects of F. communis were assessed by measuring aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and total bilirubin (T-BIL) levels, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver. The histology and immunohistochemistry of liver tissue were evaluated using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and caspase 3 and 8-OHdG immunostaining. F. communis extract produced significant reductions in elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGT and T-BIL and increased levels of GPx and SOD in rats treated with CCl4. F. communis extract decreased CCl4 induced 8-OHdG formation and caspase 3 activation significantly in hepatocytes, especially at the 150 mg/kg dose. Our findings demonstrate the potential efficacy of F. communis for attenuating CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage.


Subject(s)
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/drug therapy , Liver/drug effects , Liver/physiopathology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine/metabolism , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Animals , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Carbon Tetrachloride , Caspase 3/metabolism , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/physiopathology , Ferula , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Herb-Drug Interactions , Liver/metabolism , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism
5.
Minim Invasive Neurosurg ; 54(2): 68-74, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21656441

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to observe Liliequist's membrane (LM) and membranous structures located in the prepontine cistern via 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with 3D driven equilibrium radio frequency reset pulse (DRIVE) sequence and multiplanar reformat (MPR) images and to evaluate the success of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) by assessing these membranes in adult aqueduct stenosis. PATIENTS: 29 patients (17 female, 12 male) with primary aqueductus sylvii stenosis were included in the study. 19 patients were diagnosed as long-standing overt ventriculomegaly in adults (LOVA) and patients had severe ventriculomegaly, macrocephalus, and aqueduct stenosis on MR imaging. 10 patients were diagnosed as aqueduct stenosis presented with acute onset of hydrocephalus with symptoms of raised ICP. All patients in the study group were analyzed with conventional and cine MRI before and after treatment. We performed 3D DRIVE sequence and MPR at 3-T MR equipment to determine the membranous structures in 3 dimensions. We correlated the success of the procedure considering the preoperative, postoperative MRI and intraoperative images. RESULTS: 5 patients (26.3%) with LOVA and 2 patients (20%) with aqueduct stenosis, in total 7 patients (24.1%), did not respond to ETV. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow was blocked by membranous structures located in the prepontine cistern in 4 of 8 patients. In 2 patients, CSF through the stoma was blocked either by the LM or closed tuber cinerum. In 1 patient insufficient CSF flow was observed through the stoma and the LM accompanying prepontine membranes.Totally closed membranes were observed in the prepontine cistern in 5 patients (17.24%) according to the postoperative MRI. LM was verified in all patients intraoperatively that were also demonstrated in the preoperative MRI. CONCLUSION: 3D sequences with MPR may help to observe not only the LM but also other membranes located through the prepontine cistern, which may be the reason of failed ETV.


Subject(s)
Hydrocephalus/surgery , Third Ventricle/surgery , Ventriculostomy/methods , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Hydrocephalus/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Neuroendoscopy , Third Ventricle/pathology , Treatment Outcome
6.
Minim Invasive Neurosurg ; 51(2): 72-5, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18401817

ABSTRACT

Pseudotumor cerebri is a syndrome with headaches and visual loss that sometimes cannot be treated with medication. In spite of medical treatment, the clinical course in some patients can approach extreme dysfunction with severe impairment in visual field and acuity as well as incapacitating headache. Patients with progressive or persistent symptoms require surgical treatment and decompression of the optic nerve is the preferred surgical procedure. We report on two cases of bilateral decompression of the optic nerves performed through an endonasal endoscopic approach.


Subject(s)
Decompression, Surgical/methods , Endoscopy/methods , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Optic Nerve Diseases/surgery , Optic Nerve/surgery , Pseudotumor Cerebri/complications , Adult , Blindness/physiopathology , Blindness/prevention & control , Blindness/surgery , Decompression, Surgical/instrumentation , Ethmoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Ethmoid Sinus/surgery , Female , Headache/etiology , Headache/physiopathology , Humans , Neurosurgical Procedures/instrumentation , Optic Nerve/pathology , Optic Nerve/physiopathology , Optic Nerve Diseases/etiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Orbit/anatomy & histology , Orbit/surgery , Papilledema/physiopathology , Papilledema/surgery , Pseudotumor Cerebri/physiopathology , Sphenoid Sinus/anatomy & histology , Sphenoid Sinus/surgery , Treatment Outcome
7.
Br J Neurosurg ; 22(1): 99-103, 2008 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18224529

ABSTRACT

We have evaluated the influence of fluorescein-guided resection on gross total resection (GTR) and survival in a series of patients with GBM. Group 1 consisted of 47 patients given fluorescein and group 2 comprised 33 patients, on whom fluorescein was not used. Median survival time was 43.9 weeks in the patients given fluorescein and was 41.8 weeks in the non-fluorescein group. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between the two groups. However, the extent of resection had a powerful influence on the median survival time. Survival was 34.3 weeks after partial resection and 46.5 after GTR. Our data shows that the use of fluorescein injection is a simple procedure, which allows a significant increase in the number of patients having GTR (83 vs. 55%). Our findings are similar to a recently published multicentre Phase III randomized trial in which 5-aminolevulinic acid was used to facilitate resection of malignant glioma.


Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/surgery , Contrast Media , Fluorescein , Glioblastoma/surgery , Adult , Aged , Brain Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Brain Neoplasms/therapy , Female , Glioblastoma/diagnostic imaging , Glioblastoma/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Radiography, Interventional , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome
8.
Br J Neurosurg ; 21(4): 403-5, 2007 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17676463

ABSTRACT

In cases of intracerebral haematoma associated with developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), there is usually an associated cavernoma, which is thought to be the source of haemorrhage. Only a few cases have been reported in the literature where an intracerebral haemotoma has been caused by a DVA without an associated cavernoma. In this report we describe a case with a massive haematoma due to venous angioma alone.


Subject(s)
Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Cerebral Veins/abnormalities , Hemangioma, Cavernous/diagnosis , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Hemangioma, Cavernous/etiology , Hemangioma, Cavernous/surgery , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Angiography , Male , Middle Aged , Treatment Outcome
9.
J Physiol Pharmacol ; 58 Suppl 5(Pt 1): 129-33, 2007 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18204123

ABSTRACT

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common problem but its diagnosis is challenging since clinical signs and symptoms are not specific. Given the significant overlap between the presentation of PE and other not life threatening entities/diseases, it is important to be acquainted with diagnostic tests and treatment of PE. It is of vital importance to suspect PE in case of chest pain. We would like to present the patient complaining of acute left-sided chest pain, referred to the hospital after being unsuccessfully treated in outpatient clinic for chest infection.


Subject(s)
Pleurisy/etiology , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Anticoagulants , Chest Pain/etiology , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Pleurisy/diagnostic imaging , Pleurisy/drug therapy , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
10.
Neuroradiol J ; 20(3): 282-6, 2007 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24299667

ABSTRACT

Pituitary abscess is a rarely seen entity that can lead to serious neuroendocrine disorders or even be fatal if not diagnosed or treated correctly. Preoperative diagnosis plays an important role in planning the operation and treatment strategies. This report describes the diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in addition to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of primary pituitary abscess formation caused by Klebsiella ozaenea in a 33-year-old man.

11.
Neuroradiol J ; 20(3): 278-81, 2007 Jun 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24299666

ABSTRACT

Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is a rare hamartomatous focal or diffuse enlargement of the cerebellum with unclear etiology. The characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance consists of a non-enhancing mass in the cerebellar hemisphere with a striated pattern. The slow growing behavior of this benign lesion is characteristic. In a few reports on magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings in LDD, a decreased level of N-acetyl aspartate, increased level of lactate and near normal level of choline were described. The information obtained from MRS is useful to confirm the relatively benign hamartomatous nature of the lesion. This paper reports a case of LDD and describes the MRI and MRS findings.

13.
Neurol Sci ; 23(3): 119-22, 2002 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12391496

ABSTRACT

We report the coexistence of multiple sclerosis (MS) and an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumour in a 46-year-old woman with a 2-year history of MS. The patient presented with right hemitrunk and lower extremity paraesthesias, urinary incontinence, and intermittent lower right back and abdominal pain, which did not respond to pulse steroid therapy. A spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study revealed an intradural extramedullary spinal cord tumour in the lower thoracic spine, later diagnosed as schwannoma. We call attention to this rare association of MS and a spinal cord tumour, and emphasize the need for scrutiny of new and uncommon symptoms during the follow-up of MS patients.


Subject(s)
Brain/pathology , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Neurilemmoma/complications , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/complications , Spinal Cord/pathology , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Abdominal Pain/physiopathology , Brain/physiopathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Laminectomy , Low Back Pain/etiology , Low Back Pain/physiopathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Multiple Sclerosis/pathology , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Neurilemmoma/pathology , Neurilemmoma/physiopathology , Paresthesia/etiology , Paresthesia/physiopathology , Spinal Cord/physiopathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/pathology , Spinal Cord Neoplasms/physiopathology , Thoracic Vertebrae , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Incontinence/etiology , Urinary Incontinence/physiopathology
14.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 140(2): 167-70, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10398996

ABSTRACT

Four cases of migration of the ventriculoperitoneal (V-P) shunt tip through patent processus vaginalis resulting in scrotal hydrocele are presented. These cases are considered a rare complication of V-P shunts and causal mechanisms are discussed with a review of the literature.


Subject(s)
Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Scrotum , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Genital Diseases, Male/etiology , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Peritoneal Cavity , Testicular Hydrocele/etiology
15.
18.
Res Exp Med (Berl) ; 192(3): 177-83, 1992.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1636062

ABSTRACT

The results of treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), naloxone and dexamethasone treatments albino rats with experimental spinal cord injury were compared. All the animals were made paraplegic by the application clip method of Rivlin and Tator. Treatment was administered i.p. as bolus injections in two doses, at 45 and 120 min after the injury. Animals were allocated randomly to four experimental groups: (1) TRH (0.6 mg per dose), (2) naloxone (0.8 mg per dose), (3) dexamethasone (0.6 mg per dose), and (4) control (saline). TRH-treated rats showed significantly better histopathological scores than either naloxone or dexamethasone-treated ones (Kruskal Wallis: 24.058 P less than 0.001).


Subject(s)
Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Naloxone/therapeutic use , Spinal Cord Injuries/pathology , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/therapeutic use , Animals , Dexamethasone/administration & dosage , Disease Models, Animal , Injections, Intraperitoneal , Male , Naloxone/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Rats , Rats, Inbred Strains , Spinal Cord/pathology , Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy , Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/administration & dosage
19.
Acta Neurochir (Wien) ; 106(3-4): 136-9, 1990.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2284988

ABSTRACT

A series of 75 children with traumatic extradural haematomas operated on at our Department between 1982 and 1988 were analysed in detail. The overall mortality rate was 17%. CT scan constituted a valuable tool for an early and correct diagnosis, and the mortality rate declined to 9% in the post-CT era. The outcome was found to be predominantly affected by the preoperative neurological status, by the duration of the time interval between onset of coma and surgical intervention, and mainly by the presence of associated brain lesions.


Subject(s)
Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/surgery , Adolescent , Cause of Death , Cerebral Angiography , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Glasgow Coma Scale , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/diagnostic imaging , Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial/mortality , Humans , Infant , Male , Postoperative Complications/mortality , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
20.
Z Urol Nephrol ; 82(1): 45-9, 1989 Jan.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2711780

ABSTRACT

The results of a psychological examination of 22 male patients which requested a penile prosthesis implantation are reported. The mean age was 47 years and the intelligence score of the patients was higher than the normal value. In a personal self-judgement they described oneself as stable, minimally neurotic and rather introverted personality. The test results were complicated by a high lie score. A great difference between the self-judgement and the ideal was established. The sexual anamnesis of the most patients was not striking out of the erectile dysfunction.


Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Erectile Dysfunction/surgery , Postoperative Complications/psychology , Prostheses and Implants , Adult , Erectile Dysfunction/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prognosis , Psychological Tests
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