Clinical Features, Prognosis, Diagnostic Approaches and Treatment of Multiple Primary Malignancies in the Digestive System.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Additional primary malignancy (APM) risk is increasing with improved prognosis of cancer survivors. In order to clarify risk factors and patients susceptible to develop APMs, we investigated the clinical features, prognosis, and approaches for diagnosis and treatment in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Among 874 patients newly diagnosed with gastrointestinal tract (GIT) or hepato-biliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancers between 2011 and 2014, 124 with a synchronous and/or metachronous APM were identified. Patient characteristics, time interval between the malignancies, clue to detect APMs, treatment approaches, and prognosis were investigated. RESULTS: Patients with APMs were older and predominantly male. Half of the metachronous APMs were detected within 3 years after the first primary malignancy (PM). The main clue to detect synchronous and metachronous APMs was preoperative screening for current PM, and follow-up of prior PM, respectively. There was no significant difference in the overall survival between colon cancer patients with or without APMs. CONCLUSION: Multiple PMs were present in 14.2% of patients. Male and old age were identified to be risk factors for APM. Pre-operative screening and post-operative regular follow-ups are important for detecting synchronous or metachronous APMs.

Usefulness of Oral Xa Inhibitor for Management of Ischemic Stroke Associated with Thrombosis in the Pulmonary Vein Stump after Lung Resection.

OBJECTIVES: Brain infarction is a critical complication after lung resection using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Recent reports have described its association with thrombosis in the pulmonary vein (PV) stump. However, the optimal management of this complication remains controversial. We describe serial 3 cases of brain infarctions associated with thrombosis in the PV stumps, which were successfully treated with the oral Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban. METHODS AND RESULTS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 3 patients. The first case was a 72-year-old man who underwent left upper lobectomy for treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. The second case was a 55-year-old man who underwent right lower segmentectomy for treatment of metastatic tumor from Barrett's esophageal carcinoma. The third case was a 73-year-old man who underwent left upper lobectomy for treatment of metastatic tumor from colon adenocarcinoma. In the first case, a large cerebellar infarction was developed and a decompressive craniotomy was performed on postoperative day 4. In the second and the third case, cerebral infarctions in the territories of right middle cerebral arteries occurred on postoperative day 2. In all cases, contrast-enhanced computed tomography demonstrated the thrombi in the stumps of the PVs. They were treated with oral administration of rivaroxaban without adverse effect, and the thrombi in the PVs disappeared within 1 month. DISCUSSION: Blood flow stasis in the long PV stump after lung resection might contribute to thrombosis development. Oral Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban appeared to be safe and useful for the management of ischemic stroke associated with PV thrombosis after lung resection.

A 10-year experience of totally extraperitoneal endoscopic repair for adult inguinal hernia.

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic surgery is fast becoming the treatment of choice for inguinal hernia. By reviewing our 10-year experience of performing totally extraperitoneal repair (TEP), we sought to establish its clinical significance in the treatment of adult inguinal hernia. METHODS: We reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of patients who underwent TEP for adult inguinal hernia between January 2003 and December 2012. RESULTS: None of the 303 patients with adult primary or recurrent inguinal hernia in our study needed TEP converted to other procedures or suffered serious complications during the procedure. A significant difference was noted in the operation time between direct (n = 32) vs indirect (n = 128) hernias in the primary unilateral inguinal hernia group (91 ± 27 vs 80 ± 32 min, p = 0.033) and between direct/direct (n = 31) vs indirect/indirect (n = 24) hernias (136 ± 58 vs 89 ± 24 min, p = 0.01) in the primary bilateral inguinal hernia group. The only postoperative complications recorded were four cases of hernia recurrence (1.3 %) and one case of chronic pain (0.3 %). CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained for TEP over 10 years support this as a promising procedure for the treatment of adult inguinal hernia.

Characteristics of printing company workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Cholangiocarcinoma has been reported in workers exposed to chlorinated organic solvents and has consequently been classified as an occupational disease (occupational cholangiocarcinoma) by the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of nine workers newly diagnosed with occupational cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: This study was a retrospective study conducted in 13 hospitals and three universities. Clinicopathological findings of nine occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients from seven printing companies in Japan were investigated and compared with 17 cholangiocarcinoma patients clustered in a single printing company in Osaka. RESULTS: Patient age at diagnosis was 31-57 years. Patients were exposed to 1,2-dichloropropane and/or dichloromethane. Serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity was elevated in all patients. Regional dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts without tumor-induced obstruction was observed in two patients. Four patients developed intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and five developed hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Biliary intraepithelial neoplasia and/or intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct was observed in four patients with available operative or autopsy specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Most of these patients with occupational cholangiocarcinoma exhibited typical findings, including high serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity, regional dilatation of the bile ducts, and precancerous lesions, similar to findings previously reported in 17 occupational cholangiocarcinoma patients in Osaka.