ABSTRACT
Spontaneous abdominal wall hematoma is a relatively uncommon condition triggered by various factors, including anticoagulation therapy and trauma. However, reports of unprovoked cases without anticoagulants that recur shortly after treatment are limited. We herein report an elderly woman who had been prescribed corticosteroids and experienced early recurrence of hematoma following treatment, with no discernible triggers. This case highlights the possibility that patients with underlying predisposing factors may experience early hematoma recurrence at the same site, even in the absence of apparent triggers. Clinicians should monitor these patients to promptly identify and address potential recurrences.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complication in patients with a spinal disease requiring bedfast for conservative therapies. We previously developed a novel leg exercise apparatus (LEX) to encourage patients to exercise their lower extremities during bed rest. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the LEX for the prevention of VTE in patients on bed rest due to spinal disease. METHODS: Patients with spinal diseases requiring bed rest were included in the study. Exercise using the LEX was performed for ≥5 minutes. The exercises were performed three or more times per day during the bed rest period. In addition, we evaluated adverse events, such as symptomatic VTE and changes in vital signs, using venous ultrasonography, blood tests, and measurement of vital signs. RESULTS: In total, 31 patients were enrolled (11 men, 20 women), with mean age, height, weight, and body mass index of 72.4 years, 155.2 cm, 55.0 kg, and 22.6 kg/m2, respectively. Twenty-four subjects had spinal fractures. Twenty-nine patients continued exercising until they could leave their beds. No symptomatic VTE was observed in any patient, and no other severe adverse events were observed. There were no significant changes in vital signs. The average number of exercise days with LEX and length of hospitalization were 11 and 31 days, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study regarding mechanical thromboprophylaxis through in-bed exercise for patients with bedridden spinal disease. The LEX exercise protocol, in addition to mechanical prophylaxis with graduated compression stockings and intermittent pneumatic compression devices, for the prevention of symptomatic VTE may be feasible and safe for patients with bedridden spinal disease.
ABSTRACT
Momilactone A and B have been found only in rice and the moss, Hypnum plumaeforme, although both plants are taxonomically quite distinct. The endogenous concentrations of momilactone A and B in H. plumaeforme were 58.7 and 24.3 microg/g dry weight, respectively. UV-irradiation increased the concentrations of momilactone A and B. The concentrations of momilactone A and B, respectively, became 14- and 15-fold greater than those of non-UV-irradiated control. CuCl2 and FeCl2 (1 mmol/L) treatments also increased momilactone A and B concentrations by 2.7- to 6.1-fold and 2.9- to 6.3-fold, respectively. In addition, the protein phosphatase inhibitor, cantharidin, and jasmonic acid increased momilactone A and B concentrations in H. plumaeforme. Cantharidin acts as an elicitor and jasmonic acid is an important signaling molecule regulating inducible defense genes against the pathogen infection. Momilactone A and B, respectively, were increased 12- and 11-fold by 200 micromol/L cantharidin, and 14- and 15-fold by 100 micromol/L jasmonic acid compared with non-treated controls. As momilactone A and B are phytoalexins, these compounds may play an important role in defense responses against biotic and abiotic stress conditions in H. plumaeforme.
