[Periodic limb movements in sleep and cerebral small vessel disease progression: a prospective cohort study]. / Periodicheskie dvizheniya konechnostei vo sne i progressirovanie tserebral'noi mikroangiopatii: prospektivnoe kogortnoe issledovanie.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the predictive role of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) in cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) progression rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty patients with cSVD, aged 60-75 y.o., were enrolled. The study protocol included MRI assessment of white matter hyperintensities (WMH), nocturnal actigraphy and cognitive assessment. Depending on the PLMS, the main (PLM index ≥15) and the control (PLM index <15) groups were formed. The second visit was carried out in one year follow-up period, the examination consisted of brain MRI and cognitive assessment under the same protocol. ANCOVA was performed to determine if PLMS influence the degree of MRI- and neuropsychological changes. RESULTS: A significant effect of PLMS on the increase in the volume of WMH was revealed, both in the form of an increase in the index by more than 15 movements per hour (p=0.03), and quantitatively in the form of a connection with the index value (p=0.048). The influence of PLMS on the progression of cognitive dysfunction has not been found, however, it has been shown that the presence of PLMS is associated with lesions in the deep white matter (r=0.42, p<0.0001), and the results of neuropsychological tests are associated with lesions in the periventricular and juxtacortical WMH (p < 0.05 for each test). CONCLUSION: PLMS predict WMH progression in cSVD.

[A role of cognitive and emotional factors in formation of pain]. / Rol' kognitivnykh i emotsional'nykh faktorov v formirovanii boli.

Pain is influenced by multiple emotional and cognitive factors. This paper provides an overview of the most important emotional and cognitive factors affecting pain, which has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies. Emotional factors that increase pain perception include anxiety, depression, and other negative emotions. Positive emotions lead to a decrease in pain. Cognitive factors such as attention, expectation anxiety, and pain assessment can both increase and decrease pain sensations, depending on their specific focus. It becomes clear that pain is not just a reflection of nociceptive irritation, but also a feeling formed by psychological factors that can be individual in each case.

[The effect of physical health and functional status on cognitive functions in women aged 55-64 years old.]

Cognitive impairment is one of the most common causes of reduced quality of life in older people. The aim of the study to evaluate impact of functional status, physical health and cognitive functions in women aged 55-64 years old. The study included 250 women aged 55-64 years (mean age 59,3±2,9 years). Socio-demographic and economic factors, functional and cognitive status were analyzed, the presence and prevalence of geriatric syndromes and their association with social, demographic and economic characteristics, risk factors for the development of chronic non-communicable diseases were studied. The prevalence of cognitive impairments was independently associated with education level, low income of patients, diabetes mellitus, glomerular filtration rate, and vertebral artery diameter. In this case, the level of education was a protective factor.

[Age dynamics of cognitive functions in persons 50-85 years].

The paper presents original study results of cognitive changes associated with aging in the absence of neurodegenerative, vascular and other significant for cognition disorders in period from 50 to 85 years. It was shown that aging is associated with moderate memory decrease predominantly because of retrieval deficit but not acquisition insufficiency. It was also shown that aging is associated with non-severe executive dysfunction (lack of planning and control). According usual neuropsychological approaches pattern of cognitive changes described above reflects anterior cortical dysfunction or/and impaired interaction between frontal lobes and subcortical basal ganglia. Shows what physiological changes occur with age in the field of memory and executive functions, which is of great clinical importance for the differential diagnosis of normal aging and early stages of common in the elderly cerebral diseases.

Effects of cerebrolysin on moderate cognitive impairments in cerebral vascular insufficiency (a clinical-electrophysiological study).

The efficacy of treatment with cerebrolysin was studied in 40 patients with cerebral vascular insufficiency. Cerebrolysin (20 daily i.v. infusions of 10 ml in 200 ml of physiological saline) was found to be an effective means of treating this group of patients. Courses of cerebrolysin treatment decreased the severity of memory and attention impairments, improving the overall cognitive status of the patients. Clinical observations and neuropsychological testing were supported by electrophysiological results, in terms of the P300 cognitive evoked potential. The effects of treatment at the doses used here were delayed and were seen three months after completion of treatment.