Distribution of coagulase-negative staphylococci, including the newly described species Staphylococcus schleiferi, in nosocomial and community acquired urinary tract infections.

Four hundred and four coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from 4905 urine specimens obtained from 4192 inpatients and outpatients. The distribution of the strains was as follows: 193 Staphylococcus epidermidis (47.8%), 171 Staphylococcus saprophyticus (42.3%), 29 Staphylococcus haemolyticus (7.2%), 5 Staphylococcus warneri (1.2%), 3 Staphylococcus schleiferi (0.7%), 2 Staphylococcus hominis (0.5%) and 1 Staphylococcus simulans (0.2%). All three Staphylococcus schleiferi strains were isolated from inpatients: a 64-year-old female, a 68-year-old male and a 3-month-old male with colony counts of 468,000 cfu/ml, 324,000 cfu/ml and 764,000 cfu/ml respectively. These findings show that among coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus schleiferi, a newly described species of coagulase-negative staphylococci not previously reported as a uropathogen, may also cause hospital acquired urinary tract infection.

[Antibody levels against coxsackie B viruses in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus]. / Tip 1 diabetes mellituslu hastalarda Coxsackie B viruslara karsi antikor düzeylerinin arastirilmasi.

In order to detect if the presence of interrelationship between Coxsackie B Viruses (CBV) and etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus, antibodies to CBV by microneutralization test serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were investigated in 37 sera obtained from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 100 sera from healthy individuals as control group. No significant difference could found that neutralizing antibody levels to CBV serotypes between in sera obtained from patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus and sera obtained from control group. As a result, interrelationship was not detected between CBV infection and having type 1 diabetes mellitus.

[Detection of influenza B virus antibodies in different age groups using hemagglutination inhibition tests]. / Degisik yas gruplarinda influenza B virus antikorlarinin hemaglutinasyon-önlenim yöntemiyle arastirilmasi.

Antibody levels against influenza B virus were investigated by using hemagglutination-inhibition (HA-I) tests in 402 sera obtained from different age groups. Hemagglutination antigens were obtained by production of influenza B virus (B/Singapur/LLC 6201) in trypsinized Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cell cultured and they were used in tests. In 355 out of 402 sera (88.3%) antibodies against influenza B virus were detected at titers varying between 1/20 and 1/1280. However in 47 sera (11.7%) no antibodies were detected at 1/20 titer. High titers of antibody (1/640-1/1280) were not detected in none of the sera obtained from an age group between 1 and 14. However high titer antibodies were detected in 15.6% of the sera from an age group between 26 and 35, in the 17.3% of the sera from a group above 50 years of age. Our findings suggest that the increase in the rates of seropositivity against influenza B virus depends on getting older and, that the infections by this virus may be widely seen in our country.

[Use of various cell culture antigens in the indirect fluorescent antibody test for the detection of antinuclear antibodies]. / Indirekt fluoresan antikor test ile antinükleer antikor saptanmasinda çesitli hücre kültürü antijenlerinin kullanilmasi.

Cell culture antigens were prepared from Vero, BHK-21 and Hep-2 cells which were propagated on slide, for detection antinuclear antibody (ANA) in sera with indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). ANA were investigated in 55 sera which were positive at 1/20 titer with KB IFAT ANA test kits (Virgo), by using these cell culture antigens. 50 sera (91%) with Vero antigens, 46 sera (83%) with BHK-21 antigens and 44 sera (80%) with Hep-2 antigens were found positive at 1/20 titer. As conclusion Vero cell culture which is propagated on slide can be used as antigen for detection of ANA with IFAT.

[The antigenic relationship between Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 and 0:9]. / Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Yersinia enterocolitica serotip 0:3 ve 0:9 arasindaki antijenik iliskinin arastirilmasi.

Antigenic interrelationship between B. abortus, B. melitensis, Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3 and serotype 0:9 were investigated in hyperimmün sera obtained from rabbits, by using agglutination and agglutinin absorbtion tests. Agglutination was determined at 1/2560 titer of B. abortus and B. melitensis hyperimmün sera when their own antigens were used. On the other hand, these sera agglutinated Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:9 antigen at 1/1280 and 1/320 titer respectively. As it was seen that high level antigenic relation was found between B. abortus and Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:9 while antigenic resemblance was found at lower level between B. melitensis and Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:9. There wasn't any significant interrelationship between B. abortus, B. melitensis and Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:3. In conclusion it is though that it is impossible to distinguish B. abortus and Y. enterocolitica serotype 0:9 infections from each other by using agglutination tests when 0 antigens are used.

[Determination of antibody levels against coxsackie B virus type 2 and type 3 in sera from blood donors using the microneutralization test]. / Kan donörlerine ait serumlarda Coxsackie B virus tip-2 ve tip-3'e karsi antikor düzeylerinin mikronötralizasyon yöntemi ile arastirilmasi.

The presence of antibodies and their titers against Coxsackie B virus type 2 and type 3 (CBV-2 and CBV-3) have been investigated in 208 blood donor's sera obtained from blood Bank of Gülhane Military Medical Academy. The seropositivity against Coxsackie B virus type 2 and type 3 have been determined 59.1% (123/208) and 7.2% (15/208) respectively. These findings suggest that Coxsackie B virus type 2 infections may be present more widely than Coxsackie B virus type 3 infections in our country.

[Respiratory syncytial virus antibody levels in the 13-25 age group of healthy people using a microneutralization test]. / 13-25 yas grubundaki saglikli kisilerde respiratory syncytial virus antikor düzeylerinin mikronötralizasyon testi ile arastirilmasi.

In this study antibody levels to Respiratory Syncytial virus were investigated in 181 serum samples obtained from healthy individuals by using microneutralization test. 25 out of 181 sera (13.8%) were found positive at 1/5 dilution. Serum neutralization50 (SN50) value of these sera were detected at different titers which varied from 1/7.08 to 1/79.5.

[Herpes simplex virus type 2 antibody levels in sera from various age groups using ELISA and IFAT]. / Degisik yas grubundaki olgularda herpes simplex tip-2 antikor düzeylerinin ELISA ve IFAT yöntemleri ile arastirilmasi.

We have investigated HSV-2, IgG antibody levels in 180 sera which were obtained from 60 girl students between 18-20 years old, 60 pregnant women between 19-39 years old and 60 young men between 20-22 years old, by using ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and IFAT (Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Technique). All of the sera obtained from girl students and pregnant women were found negative for HSV-2, IgG antibody by ELISA. However 2 of 60 young men's sera were positive. Totally 2 of 180 sera showed positivity for HSV-2. IgG antibodies (% 1.11). Whilst all of the girl students' sera were negative with IFAT but 4 of 60 pregnant women's sera and 3 of 60 young men's sera were positive with the same test. So, the positivity rate was % 3.89 with IFAT. These findings suggest that HSV-2 infection is not so common in our population.

[Identification of pathogenic Escherichia coli strains in various clinical material and their antibiotic susceptibility]. / Cesitli klinik materyaldan izole edilen patojen Escherichia coli suslarinin tiplendirilmesi ve antibiyotik duyarliliklarinin incelenmesi.

In this study 200 E. coli strains were isolated and identified from 95 fecal, 96 urinary and 9 vaginal specimens. The pathogenic species isolated from feces were 61.05% of all identified E. coli strains. This percentage was 26.04% for urinary specimens. The distribution of E. coli serotypes was determined. Mostly E. coli O111 K58 B4 strain was isolated from the pathological materials such as 20% in feces, 12.5% in urine, 11.11% in vaginal secretions. The sex distribution of isolated E. coli strains from urine was 77.08% for female patients and 22.92% male patients. We can say that E. coli species which have been isolated and identified from pathological materials are susceptible to seftriaxon 73.5% and sefotaxime 72.5%, but they have been readily gaining resistance against gentamicin and nalidixic acid. Broad spectrum antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents are widely used in the treatment of E. coli infections. However medical therapy doesn't always produce good result. Because E. coli strains have been gaining resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and antibiotics. So, it is suggested that the most effective antibiotic should be determined by antibiogram and used.

[Rubella virus IgG and IgM antibody levels in 17-20 year old female students using ELISA and fluorescent antibody tests]. / 17-20 yas grubundaki kiz ögrencilerde rubella virus IgG ve IgM antikor düzeylerinin ELISA ve fluoresan antikor testleriyle arastirilmasi.

In this study Rubella virus antibody levels were investigated by using ELISA and IFAT in 94 sera obtained from girl students in Gülhane Military Medical Academy nursing college. We have propagated Rubella virus in BHK-21 cell line for production Rubella virus antigen in order to use IFAT. 81 sera IgG (86.2%) and 29 sera IgM (30.9%) were found positive in ELISA. However 76 sera (80.9%) IgG and 27 sera (28.7%) were positive in IFAT. On the other hand we have obtained suspected results in 8 sera (8.5%) with 1/10 dilution in IgG ELISA and in 3 sera (3.2%) with the same dilution in IgM ELISA. One of 29 sera which are ELISA IgM positive have established 80 IU/ml RF. We can say that ELISA is more reliable sensitive and practical than IFAT. It may be considered 29 student who have Rubella IgM antibody may be infected or reinfected by Rubella virus with in the last six months. On the other hand they may also infected with Parvovirus or some other viruses. We believe that the causes of false positive Rubella IgM antibody results should be investigated well enough.