ABSTRACT
The homozygous mutant Koletsky rat is a monogenic form of obesity and hyperphagia due to a null mutation of the leptin receptor (lepr(fak)). To investigate if the lack of leptin action on the brain of homozygous mutants affected the inhibitory potency of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on meal size, artificial cerebrospinal fluid or one of five doses of CRF was administered through third ventricular cannulas in 8 +/+, 10 +/fa(k), and 8 fa(k)/fa(k) rats 15 min before access to 20% sucrose in lickometer tubes for 30 min. CRF had equivalent inhibitory potency in fa(k)/fa(k) and +/+ rats. Thus, the complete lack of leptin action in fa(k)/fa(k) rats did not change the inhibitory potency of CRF. CRF was significantly more potent, however, in +/fa(k) rats than in the other two genotypes. Thus, the heterozygote condition of this mutation did not function as a classical recessive mutation for this behavioral phenotype. Despite these differences in potency, microstructural analysis revealed that CRF decreased intakes in all three genotypes by decreasing the number of clusters of licking without changing the size of clusters.
Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/genetics , Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/pharmacology , Eating/drug effects , Mutation/genetics , Receptors, Cell Surface , Animals , Body Weight/drug effects , Body Weight/genetics , Brain/drug effects , Female , Genotype , Heterozygote , Homozygote , Injections, Intraventricular , Male , Rats , Receptors, LeptinABSTRACT
Of 4,839 patients who visited the Emergency Room (ER) of a 650-bed general hospital (serving a regional population of 220,000) over a period of 28 consecutive days, 436 were suffering from gastrointestinal (GI) problems. The patients, together with their 140 ER doctors, were interviewed by 40 trained interviewers and information concerning demographic data, tests performed, diagnosis, treatment and hospitalization was collected and evaluated. Most of the GI patients (39.9%) were aged 16 years or younger, were Israeli born and were suffering from infections of the GI system. Twenty percent of all GI patients were hospitalized. Most came to the ER on working days although their symptoms began at home. A total of 77.9% of the GI group expected to be treated in the ER and sent home without being hospitalized. The ER, which is open for 24 hours a day, is considered by the population as a kind of an outpatient clinic.
Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Gastrointestinal Diseases/epidemiology , Abdominal Pain/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Distribution , Aged , Chi-Square Distribution , Ethnicity , Gastrointestinal Diseases/therapy , Health Services Misuse , Humans , Infections/epidemiology , Israel/epidemiology , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Rural Health , Urban HealthABSTRACT
A study population of students (ages 14 to 18 years) was examined radiographically (bitewings) and by clinical DMF-S evaluations. Results revealed a clinically detected total DMF-S of 8.31 with a D-S of 4.86. Decay clinically detected on premolars and molars alone was 4.38, whereas an additional 4.88 surfaces were radiographically detected as being carious. It was determined that a multiplying factor of 1.59 should be used in the present study population to better assess the actual total DMF-S figure. Validity of the correction factor was tested and validated.
Subject(s)
DMF Index , Dental Caries/diagnostic imaging , Adolescent , Bicuspid/diagnostic imaging , Humans , Mandible , Maxilla , Methods , Molar/diagnostic imaging , Observer Variation , Probability , Radiography , Random AllocationSubject(s)
Fused Teeth/surgery , Tooth Abnormalities/surgery , Child , Dental Restoration, Permanent , Humans , Male , Root Canal TherapyABSTRACT
The tensile bond strength of Epoxylite 9075 and Enamelite to enamel treated with NaF and SnF2, at two concentrations, in the etching acid (H3PO4) was determined. The average fracture stress of those samples in which fracture occurred in the resin only, may be considered as the tensile strength of the resin, 69.8 +/- 5.6 kg/cm2. The mean fracture stresses of the Epoxy 9075 systems etched with pure phosphoric acid or with acid solutions containing 0.5% F salts were significantly higher than those treated with acid solutions containing 2% F salts. Incorporation of NaF or SnF2 in the etching solutions highly increased the fluoride concentration of enamel. The fluoride increase dependend on the fluoride concentration of the etching solution and was greater for NaF than SnF2.
Subject(s)
Acid Etching, Dental , Dental Bonding , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Fluorides , Phosphoric Acids , Resins, Synthetic , Sodium Fluoride , Tin Fluorides , Dental Enamel/analysis , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Fluorides/analysis , Humans , Phosphoric Acids/pharmacology , Sodium Fluoride/analysis , Surface Properties , Tensile Strength , Tin Fluorides/analysisABSTRACT
A one-session technique for preparing a temporary space maintainer has been described. The technique consists of attaching an acrylic resin pontic to etched surfaces of natural adjacent teeth by means of a composite resin. The main advantages of this technique are elimination of premature tooth preparation, good esthetics, fair strength, low cost, and rapid completion of the restoration without the need of a dental laboratory.
Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins , Composite Resins , Space Maintenance, Orthodontic/instrumentation , Tooth, Artificial , Acid Etching, Dental , Denture, Partial, TemporarySubject(s)
Composite Resins , Crowns , Post and Core Technique , Adult , Female , Humans , Incisor , Middle Aged , Root Canal TherapyABSTRACT
The etching effect of 50% H-3PO-4 applied together with 2% NaF or SnF-2 was compared with the effect of H-3PO-4 on pre- and postfluoridated enamel by scanning electron microscopy. Substantial etching of enamel resulted with use of 50% H-3PO-4 with 2% NaF. High fluoride incorporation in the surface provided additional protection of the conditioned enamel.
