ABSTRACT
Arthrofibrosis is defined as an excessive fibrotic tissue response within a joint leading to a painful loss of motion. This pathological scar formation process with dysregulated, inordinate extracellular matrix formation, especially collagen, may occur in any joints, although is frequently localized in the knee. Different etiologies have been described and most of them are related to trauma, infection or recent surgical procedure. Although arthrofibrosis affects people of all ages, it is unusual in pediatric population. We present a case report of an uncommon, foreign body induced knee arthrofibrosis in a 14-year old boy. We also review the current literature regarding diagnostic procedures and treatment rationale for arthrofibrosis of the knee.
ABSTRACT
An iron deficient athlete is likely to develop iron deficiency anemia, a pathology that may lead to a decrease in performance. If adult athletes, women and men, are aware of the need for regular monitoring, young people under 18 are not necessarily aware of the risks associated with competitive sports practice in the presence of anemia. Even if the guidelines are well known and described, a lack of regular monitoring is found for the aforementioned age group. In junior female athletes practicing basketball, a significant rate of iron deficiency or even iron deficiency anemia was found during annual analyses. The authors wish to emphasize the importance of regular medical and laboratory follow-up for younger athletes who often no longer have a pediatrician and no attending physician.
Un sportif carencé en fer risque de développer une anémie ferriprive qui peut être à l'origine d'une diminution des performances. Les sportifs adultes, femmes et hommes, ont conscience de la nécessité d'un suivi régulier mais cette connaissance des risques liés à l'anémie dans la pratique sportive n'est pas forcément présente chez les jeunes de moins de 18 ans. Même si les lignes de conduite sont décrites et connues, on observe un manque de suivi régulier dans la tranche d'âge précitée. Chez les basketteuses féminines juniors, un taux de carence martiale significatif, voire une anémie ferriprive, a été retrouvé lors des analyses annuelles. Les auteurs souhaitent mettre ce problème en évidence et souligner l'importance d'un suivi médical et biologique régulier pour les sportifs en devenir qui n'ont souvent plus de médecin pédiatre et pas encore de médecin traitant.
Subject(s)
Anemia, Iron-Deficiency , Basketball , Iron Deficiencies , Male , Adult , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Anemia, Iron-Deficiency/epidemiology , Iron , AthletesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study's main objective is to assess the feasibility of processing the MRI information with identified ACL-footprints into 2D-images similar to a conventional anteroposterior and lateral X-Ray image of the knee. The secondary aim is to conduct specific measurements to assess the reliability and reproducibility. This study is a proof of concept of this technique. METHODS: Five anonymised MRIs of a right knee were analysed. A orthopaedic knee surgeon performed the footprints identification. An ad-hoc software allowed a volumetric 3D image projection on a 2D anteroposterior and lateral view. The previously defined anatomical femoral and tibial footprints were precisely identified on these views. Several parameters were measured (e.g. coronal and sagittal ratio of tibial footprint, sagittal ratio of femoral footprint, femoral intercondylar notch roof angle, proximal tibial slope and others). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICCs), including 95% confidence intervals (CIs), has been calculated to assess intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability. RESULTS: Five MRI scans of a right knee have been assessed (three females, two males, mean age of 30.8 years old). Five 2D-"CLASS" have been created. The measured parameters showed a "substantial" to "almost perfect" reproducibility and an "almost perfect" reliability. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed the possibility of generating "CLASS" with the localised centroid of the femoral and tibial ACL footprints from a 3D volumetric model. "CLASS" also showed that these footprints were easily identified on standard anteroposterior and lateral X-Ray views of the same patient, thus allowing an individual identification of the anatomical femoral and tibial ACL's footprints. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV diagnostic study.
