Evaluation of Microvascular Density in Glioblastomas in Relation to p53 and Ki67 Immunoexpression.

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive tumor in the central nervous system, with a survival rate of less than 15 months despite multimodal therapy. Tumor recurrence frequently occurs after removal. Tumoral angiogenesis, the formation of neovessels, has a positive impact on tumor progression and invasion, although there are controversial results in the specialized literature regarding its impact on survival. This study aims to correlate the immunoexpression of angiogenesis markers (CD34, CD105) with the proliferation index Ki67 and p53 in primary and secondary glioblastomas. This retrospective study included 54 patients diagnosed with glioblastoma at the Pathology Department of County Emergency Clinical Hospital Târgu Mureș. Microvascular density was determined using CD34 and CD105 antibodies, and the results were correlated with the immunoexpression of p53, IDH1, ATRX and Ki67. The number of neoformed blood vessels varied among cases, characterized by different shapes and calibers, with endothelial cells showing modified morphology and moderate to marked pleomorphism. Neovessels with a glomeruloid aspect, associated with intense positivity for CD34 or CD105 in endothelial cells, were observed, characteristic of glioblastomas. Mean microvascular density values were higher for the CD34 marker in all cases, though there were no statistically significant differences compared to CD105. Mutant IDH1 and ATRX glioblastomas, wild-type p53 glioblastomas, and those with a Ki67 index above 20% showed a more abundant microvascular density, with statistical correlations not reaching significance. This study highlighted a variety of percentage intervals of microvascular density in primary and secondary glioblastomas using immunohistochemical markers CD34 and CD105, respectively, with no statistically significant correlation between evaluated microvascular density and p53 or Ki67.

Exercise-Induced Electrocardiographic Changes in Healthy Young Males with Early Repolarization Pattern.

Background: Exercise-induced modifications in ECG parameters among individuals with an early repolarization pattern (ERP) have not been evaluated in detail. We aimed to assess this phenomenon, with potential associations with arrhythmogenesis. Methods: Twenty-three young, healthy males with ERP (ERP+) participated in this study, alongside a control group, which consisted of nineteen healthy males without ERP (ERP-). ECGs at baseline, at peak exercise (Bruce protocol), and during the recovery phase were analyzed and compared between the two groups. Results: The treadmill test demonstrated strong cardiovascular fitness, with similar chronotropic and pressor responses in both groups. In the baseline ECGs, the QRS complex and the QT interval were shorter in the ERP+ group. During exercise, the P-wave duration was significantly longer and the QRS was narrower in the ERP+ group. In the recovery phase, there was a longer P wave and a narrower QRS in the ERP+ group. During the treadmill test, the J wave disappeared or did not meet the criteria required for ERP diagnosis. Conclusions: The slowed intra-atrial conduction found during exercise could be predictive of atrial arrhythmogenesis in the setting of ERP. The disappearing of J waves during exercise, due to increased sympathetic activity, has potential clinical significance.

Electrocardiographic Changes Associated with Early Repolarization Pattern in Healthy Young Males.

Background and Objectives: Early repolarization pattern (ERP) has recently been shown to be related with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in susceptible individuals. Materials and Methods: We studied the ERP-associated ECG changes, with potential clinical relevance, in 220 young (age 22.1 ± 1.6 years), healthy, male subjects using 12-lead ECG recordings. A total of 38 subjects (17.3%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for ERP, and a total of 90 ECG characteristics were compared between the groups of subjects with and without ERP. Results: None of the ECGs were pathological, and 22 ECG parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) between the subjects with and without ERP. Among them, the P wave-related parameters (e.g., average P wave duration: 101.5 ± 9.2 ms vs. 106.8 ± 9.9 ms, p = 0.004) and the presence of fragmented QRS complexes (67.6% vs. 92.1%, p = 0.002) revealed a potential propensity for atrial and ventricular arrhythmogenesis. The time-domain parameters of repolarization, those not corrected for QRS duration, showed shorter values (e.g., Tpeak-Tend interval: 70.9 ± 8.1 ms vs. 67.8 ± 8.0 ms, p = 0.036), reflecting the accelerated repolarization. Conclusions: Certain ECG characteristics seem to be more associated with ERP. The clinical significance of this finding at the individual level needs further prospective investigations.

Cardiac Morphofunctional Characteristics of Individuals with Early Repolarization Pattern: A Literature Review.

The early repolarization pattern (ERP) is an electrocardiographic phenomenon characterized by the appearance of a distinct J-wave or J-point elevation at the terminal part of the QRS complex. ERP is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in susceptible individuals. The cardiac morphofunctional parameters in subjects with ERP have been characterized mainly by imaging techniques, which suggests that certain changes could be identified in the background of the electrical pathomechanism: however, in this regard, current data are often contradictory or insufficiently detailed. For clarification, a more comprehensive cardiac imaging evaluation of a large patient population is necessary. This review summarizes and analyses the data from the literature related to cardiac morphofunctional characteristics in individuals with ERP.

Psoas Muscle Index Defined by Computer Tomography Predicts the Presence of Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer Surgery.

Background and Objectives: Sarcopenia is a recognized prognostic factor for both complications and survival in cancer patients. This study aims to analyze the relationship between sarcopenia measured by psoas muscle index on computer tomography scans and the presence of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer surgery. Materials and Methods: In a prospective study we recorded data from 51 patients who underwent colorectal cancer surgery in the Mures County Clinical Hospital, Romania. Total psoas muscle area and psoas density were measured at the level of the third lumbal vertebra (L3) for further index calculation. We also evaluated the general characteristics and laboratory analyses to obtain more information about status of the patients. Short-term postoperative complications were scored according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Results: The majority of the 51 patients were male (61%) and the median age was 65 years. More than half of the cancer was located in the rectum (56.9%), a quarter in the right colon (25.5%), the rest in the sigmoid (11.8%), and the left colon (5.9%). Twenty-one patients (41.2%) developed a complication, five (9.8%) of these were Clavien-Dindo grade 3, 4 or 5 (high grade) and sixteen (31.3%) grade 1 or 2 (low grade). The low- and high-grade groups showed a significantly lower right psoas muscle area, left psoas muscle area, total psoas muscle area, and psoas muscle index (p < 0.001 in all cases). Among laboratory analyses, a significantly lower perioperative hematocrit, hemoglobin, and albumin level were found in patients who developed complications. Furthermore we observed that an elevated serum C-reactive protein level was associated with a higher grade of complication (p < 0.043). Conclusions: The psoas muscle index (PMI) influence on the postoperative outcome is an important factor in our single center prospective study and it appears to be a good overall predictor in colorectal surgery. A lower PMI is directly associated with a low or high grade complication by Clavien-Dindo classification. Perioperative inflammatory and nutritional status evidenced by serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin level influences the presence of postoperative complications.

Comparative study of echocardiographic parameters in young males with early repolarization pattern / Korai repolarizációs mintázatot mutató fiatal férfiak echokardiográfiás jellemzoinek összehasonlító vizsgálata.

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Az EKG-n megjeleno korai repolarizációs mintázat diagnosztikai kritériumai és klinikai jelentosége elsosorban az elmúlt évtizedben került tisztázásra, ugyanakkor viszonylag kevés vizsgálat foglalkozott mind ez idáig a korai repolarizációs mintázathoz kötheto esetleges strukturális szívelváltozások felderítésével. Módszer: Egy prospektív vizsgálat során azonosított 30, korai repolarizációs mintázatot mutató fiatal férfi (átlagéletkor: 22,5 ± 1,5 év) echokardiográfiás paramétereit hasonlítottuk össze egy 32 fobol álló (átlagéletkor: 22,3 ± 1,9 év) megfeleltetett kontrollcsoport azonos jellemzoivel. A hagyományos paraméterek mérésén túlmenoen, szöveti Doppler- és 'strain' (deformáció - speckle tracking módszerrel) vizsgálatot is végeztünk, összesen 35 jellemzot követve. A paraméterek összehasonlítása kétmintás t-próba, illetve khi-négyzet-próba segítségével történt (szignifikancia: p<0,05). Eredmények: Nem találtunk patológiás elváltozásokat egyik személy esetében sem, és a két csoport között csupán két paraméter tekintetében fedeztünk fel szignifikáns eltérést. A korai repolarizációs mintázatot mutató csoportban kisebbnek bizonyult a bal kamra végsystolés térfogata (37,6 ± 15,2 ml vs. 45,5 ± 13,4 ml; p = 0,037), illetve gyakoribbnak találtuk az enyhe mitralis regurgitatio elofordulását (41,4% vs. 6,5%; p<0,001). Következtetés: A korai repolarizációs mintázatot mutató fiatal férfiak esetén kimutathatók bizonyos echokardiográfiás jellegzetességek. Ezek idobeli alakulásának, illetve prognosztikai, aritmológiai jelentoségének megítélése további, longitudinális követést igényel. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 741-745. INTRODUCTION: The diagnostic criteria and clinical significance of early repolarization pattern on ECG were clarified mainly in the last decade. However, there are only a few studies published on the exploration of cardiac structural changes underlying early repolarization pattern. METHOD: We compared the echocardiographic parameters of 30 young males with early repolarization pattern (mean age: 22.5 ± 1.5 years), who were identified during a prospective survey, with the same parameters of a matched control group consisting of 32 young males (mean age: 22.3 ± 1.9 years). Beyond measuring the conventional parameters, tissue Doppler and strain measures (speckle tracking) were obtained. Comparison of parameters was performed using t-test and chi-square test (significancy: p<0.05). RESULTS: There were no pathological changes in any person, and we found significant difference between the two groups only in the case of two parameters. In the early repolarization pattern group, the left ventricular end-systolic volume was smaller (37.6 ± 15.2 ml vs. 45.5 ± 13.4 ml; p = 0.037) and the presence of mild mitral regurgitation was more frequent (41.4% vs. 6.5%; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In young males with early repolarization pattern, we managed to demonstrate the existence of certain echocardiographic features. The assessment of their time course, prognostic and arrhythmological significance requires a longer follow-up. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(19): 741-745.

Serum Osteoprotegerin and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Are Related to High Arterial Stiffness in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.

Arterial stiffness (AS) is a complex vascular phenomenon with consequences for central hemodynamics and left-ventricular performance. Circulating biomarkers have been associated with AS; however, their value in heart failure is poorly characterized. Our aim was to evaluate the clinical and biomarker correlates of AS in the setting of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In 78 hospitalized, hemodynamically stable patients (20 women, 58 men, mean age 65.8 ± 1.41 years) with HFrEF, AS was measured using aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Serum OPG, RANKL, sclerostin, and DKK-1 were determined, and the relationships between the clinical variables, vascular-calcification-related biomarkers, and PWV were evaluated by correlation analysis and linear and logistic regression models. OPG and the OPG/RANKL ratio were significantly higher in the group of patients (n = 37, 47.4%) with increased PWV (>10 m/s). PWV was positively correlated with age, left-ventricular ejection fraction, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), and negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate. OPG and cIMT were significantly associated with PWV in the logistic regression models when adjusted for hypertension, EF, and the presence of atherosclerotic manifestations. Elevated serum OPG, together with cIMT, were significantly related to increased AS in the setting of HFrEF.