Quantitative assessment of image artifacts from zygoma implants on CBCT scans using different exposure parameters.

This study was aimed at quantifying artifacts from zygoma implants in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images using different exposure parameters. Two cadaver heads, one with two zygoma implants on each side and the other for control, were scanned using 18 different exposure parameters. Quantitative analysis was performed to evaluate the hypodense and hyperdense artifact percentages calculated as the percentage of the area. Hyperdense artifacts and hypodense artifacts were detected, followed by the calculation of the hyperdense and hypodense artifact percentages in the image. In the qualitative analysis of the artifacts, the scores used were as follows: absence (0), moderate presence (1), or high presence (2) for hypodense halos, thin hypodense lines, and hyperdense lines. Artifact analysis was performed qualitatively and quantitatively using the post-hoc Tukey and Two-way ANOVA tests. As a result, in the qualitative analyses, zygoma implants showed a significant difference compared to the control group with regard to hyperdense and hypodense artifacts (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the means according to the FOV size arithmetic averages (p < 0.05). In terms of voxel size, the difference was found to be significant, where 400 microns showed the highest hypodense artifact while 200 microns showed the lowest hypodense artifact. In conclusion, hypodense and hyperdense artifacts were significantly higher in cadavers with zygoma implants than in controls. As FOV and voxel size increase, more hypodense artifacts are produced by zygoma implants so smaller FOV and voxel sizes should be used to prevent poor image quality of adjacent teeth.

Displacement of a dental implant into the submandibular space: Complication of an immediate placement.

not required as it is a case letter.

A Technique to Fabricate an Interim Implant-Supported Fixed Complete Denture for Immediate Loading.

Converting an acrylic resin removable complete prosthesis into a fixed implant-supported prosthesis to immediately load the implants can be a challenging procedure. Using acrylic resin to secure titanium interim copings intraorally may be a difficult task, and any process to facilitate this procedure may be advantageous for the clinician and the patient. This report describes a technique for facilitating the fabrication of an interim immediately loaded implant-supported fixed complete prosthesis. This technique and the materials used enabled the efficient fabrication and delivery of the prosthesis with an appropriate soft-tissue surface and acrylic resin thickness without irritating newly sutured soft tissues.

Evaluation of perimandibular neurovascularization with accessory mental foramina using cone-beam computed tomography in children.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to clarify the perimandibular neurovascularization with mandibular accessory mental foramina in a children population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to avoid complications during anesthetic and surgical procedures. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated cone-beam CT images for bifid mandibular canals in the mandibles of 63 children (35 girls, 28 boys; age range, 7-16 years; mean age, 12.3 years). Both right and left sides were examined from CT images (n = 126), including axial, sagittal, cross-sectional, and panoramic views as well as reconstructed three-dimensional images, as necessary. The course, length, and superior and inferior angles between canals were classified and measured. RESULTS: Bifid mandibular canals were observed in 34 (27%) of the 126 sides examined. The most frequently encountered type of bifid canal was the retromolar canal (11.1%), followed by the forward (7.14%), buccolingual (6.35%), and dental canal (2.4%). Mean lengths of bifid canals were 10.2 mm on the right side and 10.6 mm on the left side. Mean superior angles were 131 degrees on the right side and 147 degrees on the left side, whereas mean inferior angles were 47 degrees on the right side and 34 degrees on the left side. No statistically significant differences were found in the lengths or angles between the right and left sides or between boys and girls (P < 0.05). The most common position for the mental foramen was between the first and second premolars, and an accessory mental foramen was observed in 4 children (6.34%). CONCLUSIONS: This study utilized CBCT images to identify bifid mandibular canals and accessory mental foramina in children. Cone-beam CT was found to be a useful technique for detecting secondary canals. However, despite the fact that CBCT uses less ionizing radiation than other types of three-dimensional imaging, unless the diagnostic information provided through CBCT improves treatment results, CBCT should not be recommended for use in children or adolescents.

Illosis of maxillary sinus in immunocompromised patient. Case report.

Aspergillosis, which was first discovered in late 19th century, is a relatively rare disease in the sinuses. In recent years, a number of invasive aspergillosis infections of the maxillary sinus in immunocompromised patients, as well as the non-invasive form of the disease, have been reported. They were caused by the materials used in endodontic treatment, like gutta-percha, antrolith and by foreign bodies. This paper reports a case of aspergillosis in the maxillary sinus of an immunocompromised patient. It is associated with a root fragment after a much earlier tooth extraction.

Symphyseal bone cylinders tapping with the dental implant into insufficiency bone situated esthetic area at one-stage surgery: a case report and the description of the new technique.

Periodontal defects and trauma at the anterior maxillary region can cause a severe alveolar ridge deficiency resulting in an unesthetic view. Ideal implant positioning can be compromised by inadequate alveolar bone in terms of height and width. Reconstruction of osseous defects with autogenous bone allows ideal implant positioning and creates a more natural soft and hard tissue profile, which influences esthetic crown anatomy at the anterior maxillary region. In this case report, an alveolar ridge defect due to periodontally compromised tooth extraction was filled with autogenous bone cylinder and dental implant at one-stage surgery. In the presented case, a new technique was described which included bone reconstruction of the defects at the anterior maxillary region and simultaneous placement of the dental implant.

Long-term results of arthrocentesis in degenerative temporomandibular disorders.

OBJECTIVES: Long-term efficacy of arthrocentesis was investigated in patients with degenerative temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in this clinical study. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-two joints of 15 patients with degenerative TMD were included as the study group, and 16 joints of 10 patients served as the control group. Arthrocentesis procedures in upper joint spaces were performed. The study group patients' mean follow-up period was 36.7 +/- 18.7 months, whereas the control group were kept for an average 9.9 +/- 2.8 months. Results were statistically compared using 1-way repeated analysis of variance and t test. RESULTS: Pretreatment maximal interincisal opening increased significantly from 33.6 +/- 6.0 mm to 37.8 +/- 6.0 mm in the study group. Pretreatment pain and crepitus scores decreased significantly from 71.0 +/- 6.6 to 27.0 +/- 16 and 0.73 +/- 0.4 to 0.6 +/- 0.5, respectively, in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: Arthrocentesis was found to be a useful method for the treatment of degenerative TMDs, and the outcomes of treatment provide long-term cure for degenerative temporomandibular joints.

Temporomandibular joint osteochondritis dissecans: case report.

BACKGROUND: Osteochondritis dissecans is a process in which segment(s) of cartilage separate from an articular surface. It is most often reported in the larger joints of the body, including the knee, elbow, hip, wrist, and ankle. Involvement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is exceedingly rare. OBJECTIVES: To describe a probable case of osteochondritis dissecans and discuss the differential diagnosis for this condition. STUDY DESIGN: In addition to clinical examination the patient was imaged using panoramic radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Panoramic radiography showed separation of 2 rounded fragments superior to the right mandibular condyle. These were more precisely located using 3-dimensional computerized tomographic reconstructions. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated the right condyle as having low signal intensity area on T1-weighted images and a heterogeneous signal on T2-weighted images, with low signal dominance. No abnormality was apparent in the left TMJ. CONCLUSIONS: The patient was treated nonsurgically with a splint, occlusal adjustment, physiotherapy, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medications. Maximum mouth opening has increased from 24 mm to 39 mm 6 months following initiation of treatment, and pain has subsided.

Rhinolithiasis: an uncommon entity of the nasal cavity.

Rhinoliths are uncommon foreign bodies of the nose formed by in situ calcification of intranasal endogenous or exogenous foreign material. They are often an asymptomatic condition diagnosed accidentally during a routine examination. Although nasal foreign bodies are more frequently seen in children, and appear to be more common in women, they have been reported in patients of all ages. This article describes a case of rhinolith involving a 38-year-old male. The etiology, thin-sectioned microscopic findings, differential diagnoses, and treatment are also discussed.