Radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals for single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography and radiotherapy in Russia.

The current status of the manufacture of radiopharmaceuticals for diagnostic and therapeutic application in Russia is discussed, consideration being given to various aspects of the production and distribution of radionuclides, radioisotope generators and kits as well as individual radiopharmaceuticals in different regions of the country. The major focus is on the recent developments in production technologies for therapeutic and single-photon emission tomography radionuclides, technetium chemistry and synthetic approaches for the labelling of compounds with short-lived positron emitters. The status of positron emission tomography and its application are considered. The major factors restricting the expansion of nuclear imaging techniques and radiotherapy in Russia are also discussed.

[Evaluation of the quality of radiopharmaceutics]. / Otsenka kachestva radiofarmatsevticheskikh preparatov.

The authors considered the interrelationship of clinical requirements and analytical indicators of quality for a group of pharmaceuticals: radionuclide purity (by the criteria of dose load and the quality of visualization); radiochemical purity (interrelationship with a necessary level of accumulation in investigated organs); chemical admixtures (by the criteria of safety and influence on the diagnostic quality; clinical criteria of quality were under discussion); a coefficient of differential accumulation in the system: organ under study-adjacent tissues; specificity; indices of pharmacokinetics, etc. Correct and all-round evaluation of RP quality on the basis of the above criteria determines, to a great extent, a choice of a labeled compound to be used in a specific radionuclide diagnostic method.

[Possibility of labelling erythrocytes with 99mTc in vitro using reagent kits]. / Vozmozhnosti metki éritrotsitov 99mTc in vitro s ispol'zovaniem naborov reagentov.

A possibility of in vitro labeling of erythrocytes with 99mTc using a kit of reagents (on the basis of DTPA, pyrophosphate, oxabifor, phytine) was studied. Optimum amounts of bivalent Sn [correction of Pb] were established for the reagents under study, and optimum kinetic parameters of labeling were defined. The yield of labeled erythrocytes under optimum conditions was over 95%.

[Search for optimum composition of radiopharmaceuticals for liver scintigraphy]. / Poisk optimal'nogo sostava RFP dlia stsintigrafii pecheni.

The paper considers an opportunity of using a method of design based on a scheme of a complete factor experiment to find an optimum drug composition, citing by way of example, a process of development of a diagnostic agent for liver scintigraphy on the basis of the calcium-phytate complex labelled with 99mTc taking into account biological behavior of drugs of various composition.

[Pharmacokinetics of 99m Tc-technephyte in radionuclide studies of the liver and spleen]. / Farmakokinetika 99mTc-tekhnefita pri radionuklidnykh issledovaniiakh pecheni i selezenki.

The authors present the results of an experimental study of pharmacokinetics of a new Soviet drug 99 mTc-technephyte for scintigraphy of the liver and spleen. The results of biological distribution of the agent in rat, scintigrams of the liver and spleen in rabbits and dogs have shown a high accumulation of 99 mTc-technephyte in the liver (up to 90%). The agent is prepared within one stage from a kit of reagents and 99m-sodium pertechnetate obtained using a generator.

[Experimental evaluation of the the possible use of 99mTc- and 133mIn-labelled aminomethylene phosphonates for skeletal scintigraphy]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka vozmozhnosti ispol'zovaniia aminometilenfosfonatov, mechennykh 99mTc i 133mIn, dlia stsintigrafii skeleta.

The pharmacokinetics of 99mTc and 113mIn labeled aminopolymethyl phosphonic acids was studied in experiments on animals. Noticeable osteotropism of these compounds was shown. Scans of the rabbit and rat skeleton in health and experimental pathology 1 h after i.v. administration of these compounds were obtained making it possible to reveal the affected foci.