ABSTRACT
AIM: The purpose of this study is to screen the neonatal conjunctivitis in order to evaluate its incidence and especially to seek for the causative germs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have realized cross-sectional study in three health centers of the prefecture of Kozah from March 24 to May 12, 2009. All the newborns followed in these centers are examined in the search of signs of conjunctivitis. A biological diagnosis of conjunctival secretions was carried out at the suspect newborns. RESULTS: During the study period, 348 newborns were examined including 185 boys and 163 girls corresponding to a sex-ratio (M/F) of 1.1. The middle age was 3.7 days. Twenty-eight newborns presented conjunctivitis, that is to say a rate of incidence of 8%. The cases of conjunctivitis were observed the first four days of life in 39.3% of cases. Eighteen of the newborns presenting conjunctivitis were vaginal deliveries (64.3%) against ten (35.7%) by caesarian. All the mothers of the ill newborns had a syndrome of sexually transmissible infection (STI) during the third quarters of pregnancy. After biological diagnosis, Staphylococcus aureus was found in 25% of the cases. CONCLUSION: Despite the common herd of neonatal conjunctivitis prophylaxis by Crede's method, its remains in the prefecture of Kozah. In hope for neonatal conjunctivitis eradication, treatment of STI on pregnant women associated to education and communication on the prevention of the infection in neonatal health care centers and at home by hygiene rule application are necessary.
Subject(s)
Ophthalmia Neonatorum/epidemiology , Age of Onset , Female , Hospitals, County/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Incidence , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Male , Ophthalmia Neonatorum/diagnosis , Ophthalmia Neonatorum/microbiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/congenital , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcal Infections/transmission , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Togo/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Various diagnostic methods have been described to detect Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Collection of first void urine is advantageous because it is non-invasive, reproducible, and painless; and provides specimens that have already been used for detection of N. gonorrhoeae by molecular tools. The purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness of first void urine for detection of N. gonorrhoeae using conventional bacteriologic techniques in patients with low-grade symptoms. Investigation was focused on first void urine and urethral secretion specimens collected from 87 male patients who were undergoing diagnotic workup for suspicion of sexually transmitted infection. Direct microscopic examination of smears stained using the Gram technique and cultures on modified Thayer-Martin medium and on cooked blood agar were performed on each specimen. The prevalence of urethritis was 58.0%. Gonorrhoea was diagnosed in 7.5% of cases. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination of first void urine for detection of Gram-negative diplococci were 85.7% and 97.5% respectively. First void urine was less productive than urethral secretion for detection of urethritis: sensitivity, 44.4% and specificity, 100%, and urethral flora: sensitivity, 59% and specificity of 96.9%. The good performance of first void urine specimens for detection of Gram-negative diplococci by microscopy may justify their use for identification of N. gonorrhoeae in level 1 laboratories. First void urine could also be useful for epidemiological studies and large-scale screening surveys.
Subject(s)
Gonorrhea/diagnosis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/isolation & purification , Urine/microbiology , Cote d'Ivoire , Gentian Violet , Humans , Male , Microscopy , Phenazines , Sensitivity and Specificity , Time Factors , Urethritis/diagnosis , Urine/cytologyABSTRACT
Il existe differentes methodes de diagnostic sur differents types de prelevement pour mettre en evidence Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Le prelevement de premier jet d'urine presente l'avantage d'etre non invasif; facilement reproductible et est deja utilise dans la detection de N. gonorrhoeae par des techniques moleculaires. L'objectif de cette etude etait d'evaluer le premier jet d'urine dans la detection de N. gonorrhoeae par les methodes classiques de bacteriologie chez des patients paucisymptomatiques. Elle a porte sur les prelevements de premier jet d'urine et de secretions uretrales de 87 patients de sexemasculin recus pour le diagnostic etiologique d'un syndrome d'infections sexuellement transmissibles. Un examen direct du frottis colore par la technique de Gram et des cultures sur le milieu de Thayer et Martin modifie et sur gelose au sang cuit enrichie en polyvitamines ont ete realises sur chacun des echantillons. La frequence des uretrites etait de 58;0. La gonococcie representait 7;5des cas. Le premier jet d'urines avait une sensibilite de 85;7et une specificite de 97;5dans la mise en evidence des diplocoques Gram negatif a l'examen direct. Par contre; il etait moins sensible que le prelevement de secretions uretrales dans la mise en evidence des uretrites microscopiques (sensibilite de 44;4et specificite de 100) et de la flore uretrale d'accompagnement (sensibilite de 59et specificite de 96;9). Les bonnes performances du premier jet d'urines dans la mise en evidence microscopique des diplocoques Gram negatif pourraient justifier son utilisation dans la detection deNeisseria gonorrhoeae dans un laboratoire de niveau 1. Il pourrait egalement etre utilise dans les etudes epidemiologiques et dans les enquetes de depistage a grande echelle
