ABSTRACT
A case is described in which a patient with a gastrostomy tube (PEG) was admitted to hospital with chronic and severe diarrhoea and signs of cachexia. The gastrostomy tube had been inserted by percutaneous endoscopic procedure two months before, and the patient had been suffering from diarrhoea ever since. X-ray investigation by contrast documented that the PEG ended inside the colon, at the left colic flexure. The case emphasizes the need to control the position of a PEG, should unexpected gastrointestinal symptoms occur.
Subject(s)
Colon/diagnostic imaging , Enteral Nutrition/adverse effects , Foreign-Body Migration , Gastrostomy/adverse effects , Adult , Enteral Nutrition/instrumentation , Foreign-Body Migration/diagnostic imaging , Gastrostomy/instrumentation , Humans , Male , RadiographyABSTRACT
The spatial and temporal relationships of mineral deposition between matrix vesicles and type I collagen fibrils have been studied in the turkey leg tendon by electron microscopy of cross sections and serial longitudinal thin sections and by electron tomography of longitudinal thick sections. Serial sectioning and electron tomography allow three-dimensional analysis of spatial relationships, overcoming the problems of missing depth information and over-projection of adjacent structures which exist for two-dimensional projections of isolated sections. These techniques reveal that while mineral deposits within matrix vesicles are found remote from calcifying collagen fibrils, the reverse relationship does not occur; all collagen-associated mineral can ultimately be linked to mineral-laden vesicles. These results suggest a temporal sequence of calcification beginning in matrix vesicles and spreading to adjacent collagen fibrils.
Subject(s)
Collagen/physiology , Extracellular Matrix/physiology , Hindlimb , Minerals/metabolism , Tendons/metabolism , Animals , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Microscopy, Electron , Tendons/ultrastructure , Tomography , TurkeysABSTRACT
The epiphyseal growth plate and articular cartilage matrices were preserved by slam freezing and freeze substitution to optimally retain the native organization for both cellular and matrix components. These specimens were stained and examined using conventional electron microscopic methods. The highly integrated, proteoglycan-rich matrices were examined by computer image analysis using such parameters as distribution, connectivity, orientation, and a variety of morphometric analyses. Also, different aspects of electron tomography and 3D rendering of matrix vesicles and their associated mineral deposits from epiphyseal growth plates and turkey leg tendons are presented.
