Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the severity and management of acute appendicitis.

Background: The literature seems to indicate that the number of appendectomies dropped at the beginning of the coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19 pandemic), while the number of complicated appendicitis increased due to late presentation. In addition, a longer delay before surgical treatment resulted in a higher morbidity. This study aims to compare the number of appendectomies, the severity, and the management of acute appendicitis during the first two pandemic peaks of COVID-19 with those observed during the same seasonal periods in the previous 2 years in a regional hospital in Switzerland. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed and compared the number of appendectomies, rate of complicated appendicitis, delay to consultation and to surgery, distribution of appendectomies over a 24-h schedule, postoperative outcomes, and rates of overall complications in 177 patients, that is, 66 during the COVID-19 pandemic and 111 before the pandemic. Results: No statistical difference was found in the number of appendectomies, duration of symptoms before consultation, median time to surgery, number of appendectomies performed outside the usual scheduled time for non-urgent surgery, length of postoperative stay, or the rates of overall complications. However, there was a trend in the rate of complicated appendicitis (p = .05). Conclusion: In spite of a high incidence rate of COVID-19 in our canton, the impact of COVID-19 on our population did not follow the pattern observed elsewhere. The reasons for this might be that people would still present to the emergency department due to less strict social distancing measures. Great availability of emergency operating room may also account for the unchanged delay preceding surgical treatment and complication rates.

Incarcerated Small-Bowel Pericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia After Pericardio-Peritoneal Window Creation: Report of a Rare Case.

BACKGROUND Pericardio-peritoneal windows are surgically created to treat symptomatic pericardial effusion, usually of oncological origin, to alleviate cardiac tamponade-like symptoms. Common complications include infection, failure to drain the fluid correctly, and arrythmias. There are few published cases of intra-abdominal complications due to these interventions. This report discusses pericardial diaphragmatic incarcerated hernia, which is one such complication. CASE REPORT We report the case of an 84-year-old woman with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma, who recently underwent surgery to create a pericardio-peritoneal window to treat a chronic malignant pericardial effusion. The patient presented in our Emergency Department because of abdominal pain with absence of flatus and stool for more than 4 days. Computed tomography scanning confirmed a proximal small-bowel obstruction due to incarcerated small bowel into the pericardial window. Reduction of the hernia was performed laparoscopically. After a bowel viability assessment by indocyanine green angiography, the pericardial window was covered by a noncovered macroporous mesh to avoid recurrence and to allow continuous pericardial fluid drainage. CONCLUSIONS In case of abdominal pain after the creation of a pericardio-peritoneal window, we suggest the prompt use of computed tomography after initial examination. Indeed, although rare, a pericardial diaphragmatic hernia is possible and requires surgical exploration if there is a risk of bowel strangulation. The operation can be done laparoscopically, and the hernia repair should involve the placement of a nonabsorbable and noncovered macroporous mesh. This should prevent hernia recurrence, while also allowing adequate drainage of the pericardial effusion.

Use of intraoperative Indocyanine green fluorescence to assess testicular perfusion and viability when managing testicular torsion in a 26-year old man.

Testicular torsion is an urological emergency requiring early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention for successful salvage. Decision for testicular salvage is made during surgery by assessing the color of the testis. We present a case where Indocyanine green fluorescence was used to assess testicular perfusion during surgery as an additional evaluation tool for testicular viability.