Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/drug therapy , Multiple Myeloma/complications , Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/drug therapy , Amyloidosis/chemically induced , Amyloidosis/physiopathology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Bortezomib/adverse effects , Bortezomib/therapeutic use , Cyclophosphamide/adverse effects , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Dexamethasone/adverse effects , Dexamethasone/therapeutic use , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Kidney Failure, Chronic/physiopathology , Male , Middle Aged , Multiple Myeloma/physiopathology , Poland , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/etiology , Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of clinical symptoms and laboratory findings, caused by heavy proteinuria, which may be caused by many glomerular diseases. In the approach to a patient with nephrotic syndrome is important to establish an aetiology of the disease, with excluding its secondary causes and in most cases with renal biopsy. The treatment aims to prevent or slow further kidney damage. It involves addressing the underlying medical condition and the treatment of symptoms such as edema, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, as well as preventing complications like thromboembolic disease, infections or undernutrition.
Subject(s)
Edema/therapy , Hyperlipidemias/therapy , Nephrotic Syndrome/diagnosis , Nephrotic Syndrome/therapy , Proteinuria/therapy , Thrombophilia/therapy , Edema/complications , Female , Humans , Hyperlipidemias/complications , Male , Nephrotic Syndrome/physiopathology , Proteinuria/complications , Thrombophilia/complicationsABSTRACT
Iron deficiency is one of the main causes of anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease, and iron supplements along the erythropoietin constitute the basis of its therapy. Among hemodialysis patients a preferred method of iron supplementation is an intravenous route, but the route of administration of iron to patients with nondialysis CKD raises a lot of controversy. Treatment with oral iron is cheap, does not require vascular access, but of lower efficacy due to insufficient absorption and frequent occurrence of side effects from the gastrointestinal, with discontinuation of therapy. Intravenous iron though effective is associated with the risk of allergic reactions, oxidative stress and the risk of iron overload. Modern oral medications may constitute an alternative to intravenous iron.
