ABSTRACT
The present study evaluated the presence of DSM-IV personality disorders among young adults from a nonclinical setting who produced an MMPI 2-7-8 profile in comparison to a group of MMPI-defined controls. Categorical and dimensional analyses of personality disorders were evaluated. Participants in the 2-7-8 group (n = 20) received significantly more personality disorder diagnoses than did controls (n = 29), and 85% of these individuals received at least one Cluster A (Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal) diagnosis in contrast to only 6.9% of controls (categorical analysis). The 2-7-8 group also received significantly more Cluster A diagnoses than Cluster B or C diagnoses. When dimensional analyses were applied (subclinical diagnoses), 95% of the 2-7-8 group evidenced Cluster A features. Comorbidity patterns were also evaluated; the most frequent comorbid diagnosis for the 2-7-8 group was Avoidant Personality Disorder (n = 8), consistent with Meehl s (1962, 1989, 1990) conceptualization of schizotypy. These results support the use of the MMPI 2-7-8 profile as an indicator of schizophrenia-related pathology within nonclinical samples of young adults.
Subject(s)
MMPI , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Personality Disorders/etiology , Schizophrenia/complicationsABSTRACT
Researchers in the language and social-cognitive fields have suggested that social mores and the use of masculine generic grammatical terms such as he and man have resulted in a people = male bias. This information processing bias causes most people to attribute male gender to a gender-unspecified person. Male gender appears to be prototypic of the person construct or category. These research findings have implications for the interpretation of the Draw-A-Person Test (Machover, 1949).
Subject(s)
Art , Gender Identity , Prejudice , Projective Techniques , Semantics , Bias , Female , Humans , Male , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Senescent floating leaf material of Nymphaea alba L., collected in an acidified moorland pool, was used in decomposition studies in two aquatic systems that differed greatly in pH, alkalinity and nutrient concentration. Concentrations of extractable protein and phenolics in the decomposing leaf material were measured during the incubation period. Protein levels were not significantly different in the leaf material from the two study sites, whereas the concentrations of phenolics in the degrading leaf blades from the acid site remained higher than in the material from the alkaline site. The resource quality of the decomposing leaf material was estimated by feeding tests using Asellus aquaticus (L.) in the laboratory. The effect of an artificially increased level of tannin on the feeding activity of A. aquaticus was also studied. Material from the acid system was consumed at a lower rate than material from the other system. The phenolic content of the material was found to be the most important feeding cue. The protein level of the leaf blade detritus seems to be of less importance. The structure of the decomposing leaf blades may have influenced the resource quality in the later stages of the experiment.
ABSTRACT
A chemostat study was conducted to investigate the influence of water quality parameters related to acidification processes on the decomposition of floating leaves of Nymphaea alba L. HCO inf3sup- and total Al concentration and pH influenced the decay rate. The activity of four cell-wall decaying exoenzymes was measured in the detritus. The activity of two types of pectic enzyme and xylanase was low under acid conditions. Cellulase activity was little affected. The exoenzyme activity seemed to be influenced by the pH of the water within the detritus. Inhibition of pectic enzymes under acid conditions may be an important factor causing the slow decay of macrophyte remains in acid waters.
ABSTRACT
A series of new filter glasses showing fairly symmetrical bandpass shapes has been developed. The transmittance curves with half-widths ranging between 58 nm and 168 nm cover the whole visible region. It seems that almost any desired peak transmittance wavelength can be obtained by compositional shifting. These new filters should find useful application in optics and filter radiometry.
ABSTRACT
A program has been undertaken to investigate the preparation of new filter glasses for photometric use. By changing the composition of different base glasses containing small amounts of glass coloring metal oxides, it was possible to obtain new glasses with interesting transmittance properties. Gaussian-type spectral transmittance curves were obtained showing characteristics similar to some CIE standard photometric functions such as V(lambda), V'(lambda), and x (lambda). By slight alterations to the constituents and preparation procedure, it was possible to obtain shifts in the spectral transmittances enabling close approximation to some standard distributions. Tellurite and phosphate glasses with small quantities of metal oxides proved the most successful for this purpose.
ABSTRACT
An apparatus is described which consists of a double grating-mirror dispersion system, and which can be used both as a spectrophotometer and as a tristimulus calorimeter of high accuracy. Three masks, cut to the exact requirements of the CIE distribution coefficients for equal energy stimuli, can be placed alternately in the plane of the spectrum. Chromaticities were calculated for some fluorescent lamps from their spectral irradiance data and also directly measured by utilizing the three masks. These results are compared and discussed. Results are also given of measurements made on a set of fluorescent lamps both by a mask photometer at NPL, Teddington, and by the NPRL mask photometer.