ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Although polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is best diagnosed with indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), ICGA is often unavailable or not ordered. OCT is widely available, and OCT B-scan can visualize polypoidal lesions diagnostic of PCV as inverted U-shaped elevations of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with heterogeneous reflectivity and sometimes ring-shaped lesions within the polypoidal lesion. This study aims to differentiate findings between eyes diagnosed with PCV or typical exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using ICGA and then compares findings noted on the OCT B-scan line scan in each group. DESIGN: Retrospective, chart review. METHODS: Clinical features of eyes with PCV and typical exudative AMD were compared by using ICGA. Eyes with PCV were evaluated for inverted U-shaped polypoidal lesions, which are the main differentiating finding of PCV from typical exudative AMD. Data collected included presence of subretinal fluid (SRF), macular edema or intraretinal edema, subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM), and retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED). These findings were evaluated in 2 parts: baseline and after 6 to 9 months of antiangiogenic therapy. Additionally, analysis was performed for the presence of polypoidal lesions before and after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of inverted U-shaped lesions on OCT B-scan following treatment. RESULTS: A total of 112 eyes of 106 patients were included. A total of 69 eyes were diagnosed with PCV, and 43 eyes were diagnosed with typical exudative AMD. Compared with AMD eyes, PCV eyes had an increased prevalence of SRF at baseline and after 6 to 9 months of treatment, but the prevalence of macular edema, SHRM, and RPED was similar at baseline and at 6 to 9 months after treatment. In PCV eyes, the presence of visible polypoidal lesions decreased from 56.5% to 24.6% after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: If PCV is suspected in an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-resistant case of exudative AMD, in the absence of ICGA availability, it is important to look at the baseline OCT B-scan before therapy for evidence of polypoidal lesions. The characteristic inverted U-shaped elevation was present in more than half of PCV eyes on OCT B-scan at baseline but disappeared after antiangiogenic therapy in 56.4% of cases in which this was initially identified. Subretinal fluid was more prevalent in PCV eyes than non-PCV AMD eyes.
Subject(s)
Choroid/blood supply , Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnostic imaging , Polyps/diagnostic imaging , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Choroidal Neovascularization/drug therapy , Coloring Agents/administration & dosage , Diagnosis, Differential , Exudates and Transudates , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Humans , Indocyanine Green/administration & dosage , Intravitreal Injections , Male , Middle Aged , Polyps/drug therapy , Retrospective Studies , Subretinal Fluid , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Wet Macular Degeneration/drug therapyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To identify the clinical characteristics of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Caucasian patients and assess the prevalence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) resistance. METHODS: This involved a retrospective chart review of Caucasian patients diagnosed with PCV and utilizing indocyanine green angiography with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Data collected included patients' demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment response. RESULTS: There were 54 eyes of 49 patients with PCV; 51.0% were male and 49.0% were female with a mean age of 72.9 years. Forty-four patients (89.8%) had PCV unilaterally and 10.2% (5 patients) had PCV bilaterally. PCV was located in the macula in 79.6%, in the peripapillary region in 16.7%, and in both regions in 3.7%. PCV commonly presents with serous detachment (66.7%), retinal pigment epithelial detachment (RPED) (51.9%) and subretinal hemorrhage (37.0%). Twenty-nine eyes were included in the treatment response analysis, with 18 eyes (62.1%) showing persistent disease activity after 3 initial injections of anti-VEGF treatment. CONCLUSION: PCV in Caucasian patients is more often unilateral and presents more commonly in the macular region than the peripapillary region. Serous detachment and RPED are the 2 most common findings. Resistance to current anti-VEGF treatment was noted frequently; it is thus extremely important to identify this subtype of type I subretinal neovascularization.
